A CAĎINOR COMPARATIVE LEXICON

If a cognate is in parentheses, it is not derived directly from the Caďinor, or is a reborrowing; if only part of the word is in parentheses, that part is a suffix or other extraneous material. There may be other factors which complicate derivations; see the etymological information in the lexicons of the daughter languages. An * in the Verdurian column indicates that the reflex derives from the dynamic tenses.

The detailed gloss in the last column applies only to the Caďinor word. If the meaning of the word has significantly changed, it‘s given in the appropriate column (cf. agasan below). But the gain or loss of shades of meaning is not indicated, nor is a shift in which sense of several is primary.

Caďinor continues to be used for scholarly, religious, or legal purposes down to the present day, and new terms have been devised for new referents (e.g. esistes tiamora = Eschambra; Parnaȟunos = Barakhún), or borrowed from Verdurian (e.g. culisa ‘fleet’, tsesises ‘sweet’); or Caďinor words are used with Verdurian meanings (scokhos as ‘duke’; emec as ‘buy’). However, only terms attested in classical Caďinor are included in this lexicon.

Irregular verbs are marked; but the forms are given only in the grammar (unless the only irregularity is a suppletive remote root).

Stress is not normally marked in Caďinor. It normally falls on the penult (ábra, abrénna, aelílea); if this is a diphthong, the first vowel is stressed (áecres) unless it‘s u or i (bruéca, adleriénda). Final diphthongs are not normally stressed (alaťórion), but triphthongs are (butoscéio) The lexicon indicates, with an underline, stress that falls on an unexpected syllable.

Etymologies are given in [brackets]. [*] indicates a root which can be traced back to the protolanguage; see the page on proto-Eastern for the reconstructed form. [c] indicates a word borrowed from Cuêzi. [K] refers to proto-Karazi-Central— that is, the word is shared by Caďinor and Cuêzi but no other Eastern families. Fuller etymological information is generally given under the indicated Verdurian root in the Verdurian-English dictionary.

The lexicon currently includes about 2300 words.

At least one word is the same in all daughter languages but Sarroc: gali.
 

Caďinor	Verdurian	Ismaîn	Barakhinei	Sarroc	Caďinor gloss
ab	ab		ap		through, via, with art
abra	ava			aobra	grandmother
abrenna	avena			abriena	oats [*]
abro	avo	ure		aobro	grandfather [*]
ac	ac		ak		but
acernos	asën	aşŕne	acher	sierno	maple [*]
ad	ad		a		to, toward (always takes dat.)
adaectel	adežel			daisťel	cost (to purchaser)
adaecten	adežen			daisťe	be brought / fetch [‘(take) to here’]
adceoren	acceoren			adzoura upbraid	reprimand, admonish [‘(call) to purity’]
adcesten	accesten			adziesťa	be delivered / deliver [‘(take) to there’]
adclinec	acinec			aglionac	lean toward someone; listen / [‘lean toward’]
adcoťir	acoďir			agoiťir	put aside, keep apart / (legally) seize, confiscate [‘(move) to side’]
adcrenis	agreni			aglieni instinctive	deeply felt; deep-down, visceral [‘to guts’]
adgaetir					allege, insinuate / [‘throw at’]
adipas	azipa	aʐibe	adipa	diopa	fat (substance)
adkansec	adkazec				indicate, identify [‘point toward’]
adleriec					remember [‘to the understanding’]
adlerienda	ardënda				memorial, monument
admettan	ametan		amêta	amieta	bring; add / [ad + ‘put’] admetteca in addition, also
adurdas	azurda	aʐŕde		duirda	sapphire [c]
adures	azure	aʐŕe	adirê	duira	blue [*]
advalter					compare, be worthy / improve, make worthy [ad + ‘worth’]
adveiten	advëčen			aviete	answer / make to answer [‘speak to (people)’]
aeca	eg(ula) needle	eşe	âk nail		spike, point [*] ad aecan exactly, precisely
aecres	egre	ecre	âkrê sour	aicle	sharp, sour
aecta		eçte	âsht		here
Aecton	Aežon			(Aidzon)	chief Arániceri god
aefar	efar			aifar baron	lord, noble
Aelilea	Aelëa			(Aileya)	Arániceri goddess, wife of Aecton
aelu		eli	âl		this (demonstrative adjective)
aeludennoť	eludëno	eluʐênes	âlidên	ludienoȟ	today [aeloť dennoť ‘this day’]
aeluť	elut fair	elis	âluth	ailoȟ modesty	virtue
aeluťres	elutë fair play	elustre	âluthrê	ailuťra modest	virtuous
aer	er	ŕ	âr	air	south
Aeralameia	Ereláe				the southern hemisphere; a poetic term for the human world [‘south Almea’]
Aerivileas	Ervëa	Ŕvilea	Ârvila		Ervëa, Caďinorian emperor, conqueror of Munkhâsh
Aescena	Éšena	Eçi			Arániceri goddess of water
aestas	esta	eşte	âshta	aisťa	summer [*]
aestres	(estre)				summery
aetanima	etama				pond [‘small lake’]
aetanis	etani	edani	âtani	aitauni	lake [*]
aettos	eto	ete	ât	aito	this one (demonstrative pronoun) [ae- ‘this’ + totos]
Aevetal	Évetel			Aivetal	son of Iriam, conqueror of Škagon [c]
agasan	agasan annoy			gaosa	be poked / poke [*]
agasarda	(agasarda)	(agasarde)			cholera
agella	ažela tenderness	ajele	achel	ziela	kindness
agelletes		ajełde			kind
Agireis	Ažirei	Ajire	Achirê	Ziriei	goddess of the sea [Meť. Agib(na)+ -reis]
ahurec	ayurec idolize			uirac serve	devote oneself to / begin serving
aȟ	ak	ah	akh	aȟ	against [*]
aȟendil	ařendil				termite [‘against-wood’]
aȟgaetile					revenge, retribution
aȟgaetir					take revenge, be revenged / avenge [‘cast against’]
aȟemec					deny, contradict [‘talk against’]
aȟemiles	ařemë			ȟemiola impudent	contradictory, gainsaying; negative
aȟkoscen	ařošen				hunt down, play with like a cat [‘cat against’]
aȟmebran	amevan				defy [‘act against’]
aȟmizec					prohibit, forbid / [‘say against’]
aȟmizel					prohibition
aȟnusian	anušan loathe			auȟuisya	oppose, be set against / set oneself against [‘set oneself against’]
aȟreslir	ařelir				scatter, cast (seeds, sand, etc.), spray [‘sow against’]
Aȟomera	Ařomba				goddess of Endings— in Cayenas, the mistress of Hell
aiďeton	aďeton		âdhechu		church
aiďnaure	aďnáe	aznŕe		aiďnawe	temple [‘god-place’]
aiďa	aďa			aiďa	goddess
aiďantos	aďát			aiďaondo	godhead, divinity
aiďivagir	aďivažir			aiďivaozir forswear	blaspheme, commit a sacrilege[‘gods-wound’]
aiďos	aď	aze	âdh	aiďo	god
aiďocliťus	cliďu	zoclisi		aiglioťo	priest
aiďotaubrel	aďtävel				disaster, catastrophe
aiubren	ažuven	aʐurn amuse			rest, be on retreat or on vacation / retire, retreat [‘move away’]
aiubrensa	üvéza mansion	aʐurêse plc of diversion			one’s country house or retreat
aius	až	aʐi	achu	oyo	away from [earlier ahus]
aiuslapren	ažlapren				run away
akulua	akula			koaloa	shark [Meť. akluwa]
alacer	äser merry			aolasar	animated as a result of drinking
aladeia	aldea		ladech	ladieȟa	village
alaiťeia	alaďea	alaseʐe	alâdhech	aliťieȟa	music
alaťis	alati		aladhi	alaťi	lark
alaťorion	alďoro		aladhorî	laťouryo	village chief, elder
Alameia	Almea	Alameʐe	Alamech	Lamieȟa	earth (that is, planet Caďinorians live on) [‘earth and water’]
albra	auva	ałbre	ôbor	albwa	womb; mold (for metals etc.)
albrec	auvec				/ cast, mold, shape
alcalie	(alcalë)	ałşali	ôkaki lair		treasure [c]
aldantos					hospitality, welcome; reception, acceptance
aldec	audec	ałdec	ôdê	aodac	receive; accept (a benefit) / welcome
aletasces	altáš				highest point, summit, zenith [‘highest’]
aletes	alte	alede	aletê	aolet	high
ales		ale			earthly [*]
aliȟar	(alihar)				advantage [c]
alilo	alyo	alile	alel	aolil	garlic
alteran	oteran	ałtŕn	ôtera	atliera	know (connaître) / get to know
altres	otre	ałtre	ôtrê	atle	other
aluatas	(aluatas)	alade			grammar, summary, résumé
amareica	ambresa liking				appreciation, respect
amarir	ambrir like	amŕŕ	amori obey	aomarar	appreciate, respect / begin to appreciate (remote amers-)
amaraum	amrab	amŕave	hamurap		precedent, custom, tradition; legal code [‘what is respected’]
amaruos					mayor [from amar]
amres	embre			aomba	bitter
an	an	en	an	au	one [*]
ance		âçe			then (at that time)
and	(and)				for the benefit of (+ dat.)
andeor	andor	âdŕ	andû	aondor	mighty, powerful [*]
Andemar	Áneve				Arániceri goddess of Mind
anello	anelo		anêl	nielo	ring
anguhila	anguia	âgyle		anguyola	eel [c]
anor	anor	anŕ	anu	aunor	elder [*]
anorden	anëden			nourda	descend, claim as ancestor (+ gen.) /
ansos	ans	âse	anz	aonso	handle
antiu		âty			trick, joke, prank [c]
antiuta		aşide			mischief, naughtiness [‘tricks’]
antiutis	atüčy rascal	âtyşi	anti(l)		mischievous, naughty
appellu	apelu			apielo	call
appellan	apeluan	apeln	apêla summon	apiela	name / call, invoke [ad + pellan ‘resemble’; i.e. induce a resemblance through naming]
aracnis	arasni	ŕaçni	orakni	raonsi	spider [*]
aracnites	araste			ransye tedious	painstaking
aranos	aran	ŕane	oran(ek)	aoran	cradle
Araunicoros	Aránicer		Orainikâ	Arawnicro	Aránicer (ancient and modern city on upper Svetla)
arbos	arb	ŕbe	arp	aobo	tree [*]
arcos	arc	ŕceşe	ark	aoco	bow (weapon)
argentorion					silversmith
argentos	aržent	ŕjête			silver
Arenica	(Arénica)				the original name of Verduria [from Arosd]
arines	arin				relating to Arosd or Arenica
arinis	arni	ŕini	orini	aorin	lamb (f.)
Arosd	(Arosd)				the delta of the Eärdur [from Monkhayu, meaning ‘delta’]
asia	aša				sitting, session
asir	asuir*	azŕ		aosir	be seated, sit / sit down
asuena	(asuena)	azune	azen man‘s chair		chair
asuenil	sönil	azunił	azenel	swenil	saddle
atonna	atna				small room (late Caďinor)
atonnos	atún	adône	atôn	touno	room
atrabantos		travâte	atrabant	atlabaondo	empire
atrabeis	atabei	trave(ʐe)	atraborî	atlabiei	empress
atrabies					imperial
atrabion	atabo	travyn		atlaobio	emperor
aure			air		a Cuzeian estate [c]
avecor		avegŕ	aveku		worse
avestes					worst
avissar	avisar	avisŕ			scholastic community; academy [c]
babec	bäbec			baobac	open the mouth wide; gape / astonish, shock
baedia	beza			baidya	bucket, tub [*]
baeȟ	beh		bâkh		essence, characteristic quality
baeȟdan	behdan sketch				portray, depict, summarize / make a portrait of (conj. like dan)
baeranda	berana	bŕâde bedroom	bârant	biraonda harem	seraglio, purdah (area where concubines were locked away) [from ‘lock’]
baerandeis					concubine (f)
baeros	ber	bŕe	bâr	bairo	lock
baesianda	bešana		bâziand		personal commitment, promise; betrothal; (late) 3rd month of winter
baesir					commit, promise / exact a commitment
baesos	bes	(bese)	bâz fighter	baiso	hero; common name for a large gold coin, often stamped with an emperor or hero’s head [possibly, ‘one who promises (to fight)’]
baesogaetir					overspend, waste one’s money [‘cast away baesi’]
baetera	betra	bedŕe	bâter	baitar	female dog
baita	beč(ka)	başe	bât		barrel [Meť.]
bal	bal				tact
balanos	blan	balane			date (fruit) [from a Rafsani language]
banlorion	loryo				overseer
banos	ban	bane		bauno	way, road [*]
banses	(bäz) claim	bâse foreign			relating to roads or travel; coming by road, foreign; long-winded
baraďu	baraďu	bŕazi	boradh	braďo	brother [*]
bareȟ	brak	bŕeh	borêkh	baoraȟ	arm [*]
bareȟura	bařura	bŕegŕe			armful
bargau	bargë		barga		quarter [c]
baruk	baruc-				paved outside room in a Caďinorian house; patio, balcony
basasces	basáš				lowest, lowest point, nadir
bases	base	baze	bazê	baosa	low [*]
bastos	bast(ón)	başte	basht		stick [*]
baťir	baďir	basŕ	badhi	baoťir	hit (intr/trans)
baurilos	(bardinó)	bŕile	bairel		coyote [Cuêzi bāurīllos]
be	be				9th letter of the alphabet, B (B)
bectir	bežir	beçtŕ	bêshti	biesťir	move / begin moving, make to move [*]
bekasmes	bekame comfortable			bekaosma ragged	informal, domestic [i.e. able to wear old clothes]
beke					old or ragged clothes [*]
bekres	beře sloppy			biecla used	dressed in old clothes
belaica	belaca	belaşe sword	belak	blaoca	long sword
belgo	belgo	beʐe	belh glory	bieglo	war
belgovileil	belgovël				grandiose [after emp. Belgovileas]
belor	belor	belŕ	belur		(intimate) friend
beluand	beluán		beland		dear, cherished, greatly loveable
belues					worthy of friendship, lovable
bembos	bem head	bêbe	bêmp	biembo	gourd
beneta	benda power	beneʐe		bienet farewell	blessing, consecration [‘blessings’]
benges	(benge)		benhê		most
bengir	benir	bêjŕ	benhi	bienzir see off	bless, comfort / give a blessing to [*]
ber		bŕ	bê		mist [*]
berac	brac	bŕec	bera	bierac	glory, reknown
beracres					glorious, reknowned
bereda	berda	bŕeʐe	bered	biered	path
bereole	berole				malachite [c]
beresmes	breme serene				foggy, cloudy
berises	berise				obscure, mysterious [‘misty’]
berundos	brum	bŕûde	berund	beroando	fog; Lake Berunor [‘great mist’]
Berundaria			Berunnor		the country round Lake Berunor (itself called Berundos)
Betcindos	Bečind				Arániceri god of Water
beťir	beďir			bieťir	inspect, observe / test
biboduos	bibozu				chaos, pre-creation [c]
bidno	bindo			biondo	grapevine [Meť. bijno; cf. vinos]
bidracues					irreducible, indivisible [c]
bileta	biyeta vote				voter’s stylus
billir	(bilic) cheap	biʐŕ	bili		hoard, accumulate
bineia	binea list			binieȟa	registry, record-book
binen					register, record
bobo		bove	bop		fool
bobres	bobre- embarrass				foolish
bocos	boc	boge block		bouco	cube
boctan	božan fare	boçtn	bôshta taunt	boucťa address	treat, deal with /
bocteica	(bocteica)	boçteşe			dealings; diplomacy
boctura	(boctura)				tribute
bolam	balam				edible plant
bolascon(d)	bolašo				starfish [Meť. bolasγumi]
bolges	bolë much	boʐe	bolhê much	bougla	big, large; in late Caďinor, much [*]
bolta	bouta				swelling, lump [‘enlargement’]
bora					flood, river
bordile	bordë			bordiola	coast
bordos		bŕde	bôrd		rim, edge, shore
borgel					exception, anomaly
borges	borže	bŕje		bourza	alone, apart
borunda	boruna		borund		torrent, great river
bosmeica					decrepitude, senility
bosmes	bome old	boşme	bôsmê	bouzma	wrinkled, decrepit; senile; (colloq.) old
bosos	bos	boze	boz	bouso	wrinkle
bostuna					seaweed [c]
boťan	boďan	bosn	bodha	bouťa	kick /
bouna	boua		bon	bouna	cow [*]
bounos	bouan	bone	bon	bouno	bull (also generic singular of cattle)
brasco	brašo	braşce	brashk	bwaoso	flour; pollen
bresos	bres	breze	brez	bwieso	band, strip
breves	breve	breve	brevê	bweva	short [*]
brigan	brigan	brign	briga	bwoga	fight / start fighting (remote brog-) [*]
brubos	brub			bwoabo	block
brueca	bröca pants			bwoaca pants	leggings
bruȟo	bruřo gut			bwoaȟo stomach	animal’s stomach
brurua	brura	bŕua	broru	bwoaro	heather
bruven	bruven solve	bruvn		bwiva relax	loosen
bruves					loose
bu-	bu-		bu-		negative prefix
bubo	bubo			boabo	boy, lad (colloquial)
bucesmes	(busemil)				improper, indecent
buďahes	buďaye				incorrect
budurre					loose woman, entertainer-prostitute [‘not difficult’]
bufauȟes	(bufauhe) paralysis				incapable, unable
buȟitris	buřičy naïve				awkward, clumsy
buines	büne violent			bwiona	ill-tempered, choleric [‘unkind’]
bukrares	(bukrare)				unlimited, infinite [‘unlimited’]
bulla					round loaf of bread
bulondir	bulondir	bulôʐŕ	bulôndi	blondir	bake (intr/trans) bulondic baker
bumehul	boemo riverbank			buyemol	unplowed area; border, bank
bumeril	bombril		bimirel	buimel	immense, huge [‘unmeasured’]
bumusces	bumuše	bumuçe			few, scarce
bunaiďris					godless, godforsaken (said of men or wasteland)
bunesises			binezê unnatural		non-native; foreign, strange, unnatural [‘not native’]
Bunnoris	Bunori		Bunori	bunoiri opportunity	one of the Fates, doling out opportunities [*bwunem ‘allot’]
burasos	buas			buraoso	sponge [Meť. buras]
buros	bur			boaro	maze, puzzle
bursoncos	barsúc	bŕsôce	bursônk	bursounco	badger
buruȟ	bruk				usage, employment; method
buruȟan	bruhan	bŕugn	burukha	buruiȟa	use / pick up (a tool)
buruȟris	bruřy			buroiȟi	useful
busan	sam	buz		buisa	without [cognate to Cuêzi bis]
buscos	buš	buşce	bushk	boaso	mouth [*]
busmitrio	bumečo			buzmotyo	pearl [Meť. boȟtumičiro ‘sea silver’]
butos	büt	bude	but	boato	target
butosceio	butošeo				insufficiency, lack
butosces	butošše				insufficient, lacking
cabrais	cevai	šura	kabrâ		chant, song
cabrarion					chanter, singer, poet
cabrir	cavir warn				admonish, exhort /
cadeio	cadeo	şaʐeʐe			command, rule (as an abstraction, or as an augmentative of cadus)
cadir		şazŕ	kadi	cadieyo	order, command / [*]
cadus	cazo			caodo	rule, statute
caďin	caďin			caoďi	Caďinorian
Caďinas	Caďinas	Şazine	Kadhina	Caoďin	the Caďinorian state
Caďinor	Caďino	Şazinŕ	Kadhinu	caďionor	the Caďinorian language
caebolo	cebo	şevole	kâbol	caiblo	onion
caedec		şeʐec			practice / learn to practice
caedel	cedel habit				practice, discipline aletes caedel the magical arts
cael	cel	şł		cail	between
caelan	-cel- would	şeln would	kâla would		suppose / in late Caďinor, the auxiliary ‘would’
caelile					street, lane [‘between-thing’]
Caema			kâm(re) enormous		Išira’s temple in Ctésifon, for centuries the largest in the city
caemica	cemisa	şemişe	kâmik	caimioca	the distance around this temple, about half a mile
caeno	ceno abbot				a close-fitting cap
caepil	cepil			caipil	brush
caepos	(tsep)	şebe	kâp		chain
caeposanno	cefsanno				castle commander
caer	cer	-şŕ		cair	port [*]
caesan	cesuan*			caisa	itch / scratch
caesia	(caesia)		kâzi		scratching; rash
Caeťmene	Ctelm	Ceşmene			the Ctelm mountains [Meť. Gauthmene ‘hills of dawn’]
caeťue	ceďue	şesu	kâdhu ceďnare	caiťoe	feast, public celebration
cai	ca	şa	kâ		they [*]
cairis					their (possesive adj.)
cairon	cairo				opportunity, chance
calcatir	caucačir goad			caclaotir	kick with the heels (esp. a horse) [‘heel’ + -atir]
calceio	calseo	şałçeʐe	kôkech sandals		sandal, shoe
calcima	cálima	šałçime	kôkim	caoclim	knuckle
calco	cauc	şałce	kôk	caoclo	heel [*]
calenos	caln	şalene	kalen	caolen	fortress, fasthold
calenorion					baron, lord of a fortress
Caliend	Caiem				the planet Caiem
Caliera	Calëria				Arániceri goddess of life
calnes		şałne	kônê		hot
calo	calo	şale	kal	caolo	heat, sunlight
Caloteion	Caloton	Şalodeʐn	Kalotech	Cloiteȟ	the sun god
calpir	capir	şałpŕ	kôpi		revere, hold in reverence / bow before, honor [*]
caltuco	caučuco	şałtuge	kalchuk	catloaco	rubber
calura	calura		(kalur)	cluira fever	hotness; fever
camis		şami shirt			curtain, drapery (f.)
capos	cap				beech [*]
carďa	carďa			carďa	curve
carďec	carď-				curve (intr/tr)
carpec	carpuan snatch		karpê loot	caorpac seize	/ rape; seize as a trophy (colloquial)
carpos					trophy, spoils
carros	car	şŕre	kar	caoro	square
casos	cas	şaze	kaz	caoso	corner
cassis	casi	şazi	kasi		helmet
castana	cašna	şaştane	kashtan	caosťan	chestnut
cauau					puppy [imitative]
cauauil	caül				puppyish; weak, silly
caucan	cäcian*		kaoka	cawca	break (intr/trans)
caucel	cäsel bit			cawsel	broken off piece, bit
cauȟos	cäh	şuge	kaokh	cawȟo	lizard [*]
caulis	cäli			cawli	stalk [*]
cauma	cäma	şume	kaom rest		rest period, time off from work; holiday
caumen	(caumen) skip				not be working, take time off / stop work
cebran	sevan	çurn	kêbra	siebra	raise, build / begin to build
cebrehuros	sevúr				mortar [‘building clay’]
cebreio	seveo			sebrieȟo	construction, building
cebrel	(cebrel)				building, edifice
celere	selë	çelŕe	keler	cliera	river [*]
celondos	selon	çelôde	klônd	sielondo	bronze [c cêlon, reinterpreted as an augmentive]
celuscir	slušir	çelyşŕ			hear, listen / hear tell, hear about
cemidis	semizi		kemidi	semiodi	forearm
cenna	sena	çêne	kên	siena	beak, bill [*]
ceor	seor	şŕ	kû	sier	pure, righteous
cepan					abstain / give up, swear off [*]
ceples	cepele	çeple virgin	kêplê	siepla virgin	abstinent, chaste
cer	ser	şŕ	kê	ser	male; masculine gender
ceramos	sram	şŕame	keram	seraomo	shame, guilt; shameful [*]
cerava	srava	şŕave		seraova	seashell
cernan	sënan test		kera go to war	sierna	sift, separate / put to the test
certes	sëte				middle singing voice [c]
ces	cës				8th letter of the alphabet, C (C)
cescos		çeşce	kêshk		boulder [*]
cescues	sešue	çeşku	kêshkê big	sieswo	heavy
cesmes	(semil)				decent, law-abiding [ce(or) + -esmes]
cesues	sesue	çezu	kezê	sieso	wet
cesuensa	sesüza	çezuêse	kezênz		glaze [‘tool for wetting’ (i.e. for making waterproof)]
cesta			kêsht		there
cicurile	scurë		chikril	scriola	ethnic group, people
cicuris	scuri	çigŕi	chikiri	sicuiri	country
ciȟan	siřan fight				scuffle / start fighting (colloquial)
cilel	syel	çił	chilêl	cliel	sky [*kiwal + -el nominalizer]
cilor	silor			siolor	need, necessity, lack
ciloran	siloran	çilŕn	chilora	cloura	need / run out of
cinta		çîte	chint		around
cintamanus	sinmano				glove [‘around hand’]
cintanda	sitana			sindaonda	enclosure, yard [‘surrounded place’]
cintensa	siteza				loop, fastener
cintima					belt
cintura					wall (esp. of a city)
cinturan	situran				surround (be surrounding) / go around, circle around
cira	sira	çire	chir	siora	body [*]
cirabectia	(cirabectia)				gymnastics
cirahaber	siräber				embody, incarnate [‘wear a body’]
cirises	sirise	çirize		siriosa	physical
cirolis	sroly intricate		chiroli	siroili	complex, elaborate
ciscir	(ciscir)				risk / run the risk of
cisena	sisna gravel				loose rock, debris [from cisir]
cisir	sisir			siosir	slip, slide (intr) / slide (trans) [*]
cisiu	sišu				jellyfish [c, from Meť.]
cista	sista	çişte	chisht	siosťa	box (bigger than a faȟ), trunk
cistila	(cistila)	çistile	chitor		crown
citro	sičo	çitre		siotlo	lemon
ciuder	cüzir*		chidê	suidar	close (intrans/trans)
ciulis	siüli	çyli	chili	syuli	eyebrow
claetanda	cletana	cledâde	klâtand	claitaonda	seminary
claetandorion	cletandoro		klâtandorî		dean
claetandres	cletandre pedantic				relating to a claetanda
claeter			klâtê		vow, solemnly swear / administer an oath
claetura	clečura		klachur	claituira secret society	cabal
claetus			klâtu		oath, vow, promise (before the gods)
claies	claë	claʐe	klachê		bright
clager	cyager	clajŕ	klachê	claozar	flog, whip / [*]
clasmir	(clasmir)				thrust, swing (with a sword) /
clatir	clačir			claotir	burst /
clecnis	clesny frugal			cliensi cranky	tight-fisted; miserly
cleȟ	clek	cleh	klêkh	clieȟ	fist
cleȟura	cleura		klerh		trap, cage
clerus	clero bass horn		kleru bell		cow-bell
clinec					lean (against) (intr/tr)
cliťec					speak, officially or ceremonially, address / say
cliťel	cliďel statute				statement, clause; decree
closcos	cloš	cloşce		clouso	bell
cnocu	snocu		knok		club, cudgel
cnur	snur		knu		cord, rope
co	co				near, by, alongside (prep.)
coďebran	coďevan				affect [‘near-involve’]
cofil	cofil	kovił			warp (of fabric) [‘along-thread’]
coelibues			kelibê obscene		romantic, erotic [c]
cogia	(cogia)	coji			lewdness; fornication
cogir	(cogir) do adultery	cojŕ	kochi have sex		live lewdly or wantonly / fornicate
colabanis	(colabani)				pancreas [‘tonguelike’]
colapren	(colapren)				support, assist / come to support, rush to the aid of
colepios	colep	koleby		cliepyo	a type of fish
collo	colo	kole		coulo	calf of leg
comitanda	contana	komidâde			county
comitos	cont count	komide count	komit count		government overseer
Comus	Como		Komu	Coumo	lake Como [Meť. Komuγ]
conoplia	cuplia	konopli	knôpli	complioa	hemp
consa	koza			counsa	kid (goat)
cora	cora			coura	a fast riverboat, with a sail [Monkhayic; cf. Meť. koadu]
corge	corže	cŕje	kôrk	courza	canyon
corondastes	corun				Kurundasti (used for religion, nation, or empire)
corsos	cos			courso	left (direction) [*]
corumaia			kormach tedium		harmony [c]
corumates			kormatê tedious		harmonious [c]
coscadran					catch up to [‘ride alongside’]
coťos	cot	kose	kodh	couťo	side
cratima	crama				grill, mesh
cratis					framework, grate
crefu	crefu		kref	ciefo	sundown [*]
cregeio	crežeo		krechech	cizieȟo	eating
cregen	crežen	crejn	krechê	cieza	eat / give to eat, feed; begin eating [*]
creginsen	crižžen				eat at length; party / throw a party for, entertain
creidas	creza	creʐe	kreda	cyeda	lime [c]
creidres	credre			cyedre	caustic
creir	creir	creŕ		cyeir	create (as a craftsman or deity) /
crenis	(iscreniy)				innards, intestines; trachea or esophagus
crescile	crešë				growth
crescir	crešir	creşŕ	krêshki	cyeswir	grow / mature [*]
cretes	(crete)				glad, content, happy
cretres	creče	cretre	krêtrê weak	cyetla	nice, pleasant
crivan	crivan	crivn	kriva	cyova	write / cause to write, inspire, dictate
crivos	crif	crive book		cyovo	scroll
crunga	crunya		krunh(ek)	cyunga	trumpet
cruros	crur	cŕe	krur	cyoaro	leg [*]
crusan	crusan			cyuisa	stretch /
cruva		cruve	kruf		shield; the name of a gold coin
ctanen	žanen	eştandn	shtanê	cťauna	come / cause to come, bring along (irr.) [*]
ctastos	žat	eştaşte		cťaosťo	garden [*]
cteies	(žežoi jelly)	eşteʐe	shtechê		sticky
ctel	(ctel)				individual, separate ctela individually, on one’s own
Ctengis	Ženy				the Xengi river [Axunašin Xengi]
Ctesifon	Žésifo		Shtezivu	Sťiesifo	the capital of the Caďinorian empire [earlier Ctesifos + augmentative]
ctodicer	žoziser irritate				be angry / make angry
ctodos		eştoʐe			anger, wrath [*]
ctores	žore			cťoura	safe
ctovos	žof	eştove	shtof	cťouvo	roof [*]
ctuďes	ktuďe wrathful			cťuiďe	angry [proto-Central *ktudwes, harmonized form of *ktodwes, from *ktods ‘anger’ with an adjectivizing -w-]
Ctuzo	(Ctuzo)				patron god of craftsmen
cťelt	čelt	cseł	kthût	sťet	evil [*]
cťucos	čoc				sling [proto-Central-Karazi *ktūks]
cucuris	cucuri	kugŕi	kukiri	cucuiri	a weight of a standard size (about 6 kg)
cuetos	cöt				beetle [*]
Cuezaie	(Cuzei)	Kuzaʐe	Kezach	Cuzaoya	Cuzei [c]
cuezises	cöze			cuziosa	Cuzeian (adj.) [c]
cugna	cunya	kujne			swan
cuedos	cöd			cuido	core, kernel [c]
cuedros	cör			cuidro	heart [‘(what’s) at the core’]
culda	cuda	kułde	kud	cuilda	elbow [*]
culgo	cuyo	kuʐe	kulh		a large spoon (cp. mihis)
culleica		kuleşe	kulek		fall, autumn [‘gathering’]
cullir	colir	cylŕ muster		cuilir	host / assemble, gather (irr.) [*]
culerion	cuero				host
culorec	culorec	cŕolec	klorê		scintillate, sparkle
culorile	curulë	cŕolile	klorile		star [‘sparkler’]
culpa	culpa		kup	cuilpa	guilt, blame
culpir	culpir	cyłpŕ	kupi	cuilpir	be guilty / accuse, blame
cum	cum	kû	ku	cuim	with [*]
cuma		kume	kum		hearth; “family values” [*]
cumagina					girlfriend, sweetheart [loan-translation from Cuêzi Caumēliye]
cumaldel					agreement; contract
cumaldec					accept, be in agreement / agree, come to accept [‘receive with’]
cumbectia	(cumbectia)				syntax [‘movement with’]
cumdisan			kudiza be angry		seethe (with anger); nurse a grudge / [‘with hatred’]
cumdisres	cunire tedious		kudirê angry		seething, agitated
cumnodatir					meet or act together / join
cumnodu					fellowship, company
cumpugan	cumpogan				perfect / [‘finish with’; cf. Cuêzi sofusê]
cumpugeio	cumpužeo				perfection
cumunda	cumuna		(kumond)		town [cuma ‘hearth’ + augmentative nominalizing suffix]
cuncurian	cuncurian			cuncuirya	meet (as a body) / gather for or begin a meeting
cuncuries	cuncorë			cuncuirya	meeting
cundetel					ally, confederate state
cundetanda					league, confederacy, alliance Cundetanda caďina Caďinorian League
cundetir					be allied / form an alliance [‘tie together’]
cungesan	cunësan	kûjezn	kinheza	cunziesa	trust / begin to trust [‘along with (their) gods’]
cuomos		kome	kom		wonder, marvel [*]
cuonos	cuon	kone		cwouno	dog
cura	cur(ka)	cŕ(eʐe)	kur	cuira	hen [*]
curaia	curaya	kuraʐe		curaoȟa	argument, deliberation; brooding [brooding of a cura ‘hen’]
curantor	crator	cŕâtŕ	kuranchu	curaondor	ruby [c]
curenda	cuenda		kirênd		festival
curesan	cuesan		kireza	curiesa	be asked / ask [*]
curesel			kirezêl		question
curien	curien			curioe decide	deliberate, consider; brood / hear (a case of law)
curies	corë	cŕi noble’s court		cuirya	court, central administration (declined like a f. IInd decl. adjective)
curorion					judge (of a curies), inquisitor
currec	curec		kurê	cuirac	hold, contain / grasp; buy (remote cors-) [*]
currensa	cureza				axle [‘holder’]
cutec	(cučec)	kudec	kitê		attack, assault / attack savagely (intensive)
cuteio	(cuteio)	(kutea)	(kute)		attack; stroke
cutil	cučil	cyşił	kitel	cuitil	tick (insect) [‘attacker’]
dactis	dažy			daosťi	framework
daenos	den	dene	dân	daino	paper, document [pE ‘flat’?]
daȟ	dah				11th letter of the alphabet, D (D)
daltor	dauto	dałt(ozy)	dalchu		chisel
dalu	dalu king	dali king		daolo	prince, one of royal blood [‘the one given (dul) (to the king)’]
dan	dan	den	da	dau	give / (remote don-) [*]
dandec		dâdec found			lay out, set out dandel explicit, open
dandos	dan				settlement; plot of land [‘laid out’]
daroves	darove		dorovê	darouva	healthy
dasos	das		daz	daoso	board, plank
dasco	(dasco)	daşce	dashk		animal
daťusia	daďuša	dasyzi	dadhizi	daťuisya	jade
dauris	däri	dŕi	dairi	dawi	seagull [Meť. dauri]
davu	dav(on)u				whale [Meť.]
de	de	de during			from, off, of; (as prefix) away, undo
debrir	devir		dêbri	diebrir	must, have to / oblige (someone)
debutan	debutan	devudn			begin (intr/trans) [‘from target’]
deceoran					be spoiled / spoil, run [‘from purity’]
decisir	desisir oppose				drift off; oppose, resist / slide away (e.g. fish); resist [‘slip off’]
dect	dec	deç	dêsht	deť	ten [*]
dectis	dežy	deçti	dêshti	diesťi	tenth
deďieses	deďëse				oblique, askew [‘off-straight’]
deforȟan					be attached to, belong / attach, bestow [‘hang from’]
defucan	defucan				discolor [‘off color’]
deges	dež	deje	dechê	dieza	right(ward)
deion	(deyon)				matter, material [c]
deis	des			dei many	various, miscellaneous (I declension)
dekascir	dekašir	degaşŕ		dekaoswir	show / reveal [de + ‘hide’]
delendan	delendan			tlienda	disorder, disarrange [‘out of line’]
demerir	dembir				exist / create, cause to be [*]
demettan	demetan			demieta	subtract /
demetria	demeča	demetri	demêtri	demietla	spring (season)
demutec					repay a loan [‘un-loan’] demutim owed, payable
denec	dénuir*	denec			persist / keep persisting (intensive)
denker	dëker				reciprocate, respond / place in a state of obligation
denkuis	dëkuy thanks				reciprocal; requiring a response
dennos	dën	dêne	dên	dieno	day, date [*]
derec	derec pledge				back up, support / (colloquial)
derile	derë				backup, support
dergen	dëžen	dŕjn		dierza	tug, pull [prob. from derec]
deroas					creature, created thing [c]
desien	dešen, desüen*			diesya	stop (doing something) / stop (someone from acting) (remote dess-)
desider	desider send for		dezdê		select / [de- + ‘offer’]
desis	desi	dezi	dezi	diesi	bridge
deskuťir					defy / [‘spit away’]
detir	dečir				restrain, have bound / bind, tie
detuescen	detöšen			detieswa	unshell, castrate / [‘unshell’]
dia	dy	ʐi	chî	dya	that (conjunction)
dibreir	diveir			dibrier	choose /
dicena	disna	ʐiçene		diosen	gum (of mouth) [*]
dicenarda	(dicenarda)				scurvy
dictonos	dižón	ʐiçtone		dicťouno t. sauce	mustard
dimagau	dinë		dinga		one third [c]
dimo	dimo			diomo	amount
din	ďin	ʐin	di	di	three [*]
dinga	dinya	ʐîge	(dinhê ← V.)	dionga	melon
disan	disan	ʐizn	diza	diosa	hate / renounce, deny
disclaetec					traitor
disclaeter					betray / [‘hate-oath’]
ditavan	ditavan				favor, like, enjoy / begin to favor
ditos		ʐide	dit		baby [*]
ditris	dičy	ʐitri idiot			sweet, gentle, innocent
diťas	diďa	ʐise	didha	dioťa	time de diťan keda at the time when, while ad diťan keda till the time when, until
dolis	doly	doli	doli	doili	hollow [*]
domeres	dobre good	domŕe	domerê	doimer sturdy	fine, handsome
domil					domestic, household
domorion		domŕyn husband			steward [‘master of the house’]
domos	dom	dome	dom	doumo	house [*]
domota	donta				block of houses, apartment house
donga	dónia	dôge	donk	dounga	wax
dormir	dormir	dŕmŕ	dôri	doirmir	sleep / fall asleep
doroť	dorot	dŕes	dorôth	douroť	sign, prophecy
dorsos	dos	dŕse	dôrsh	dourso	back [*]
dotis	doči	doşi	doti	doiti	finger [*]
dotondis	dotoni	dodôʐi		dotoindo	thumb [‘big finger’]
draba	draba			dyaoba	horseradish [Munkhâshi drabma]
dracor	drac	dragŕ	draku	dyaocor	dragon
drogis	drožy	droji	drochi	dyoizi	yeast
draecir	dresir			dyaisir	tame, break (a horse) /
dubitir	dubir		ditti	duibir	doubt / come to doubt
ducir	duisir lead	ʐyşŕ	dichi aim		head for / steer (remote doc-)
duger	dyužer lust, dugir*	ʐujŕ		duizar	desire, covet / make to desire, tempt
duha	duya			duiwa	therefore
duȟe	duhe	ʐuge	dikh	duiȟa	steam
dumec	dum- note	ʐumec	dimê		think / remind
duminsec					ponder, ruminate
dunalaldos	dunalál	ʐunalałde			planet [c]
duneia	dunea			dunieȟa	energy [c]
dunna	duna	(ʐûnic page)		duina	chapter, scene; plot development [c]
dupor	dupor				stork, heron [K *dawpor]
dur	dur	ʐŕ	du	duir	hard, difficult [*]
Durreon	Dúrion				Arániceri god of rock and war
durris	duri	ʐŕi	duri	duiri	tooth [from dur]
durenges	durnë			duirze	bad
dusc	dus	ʐuşc		dus(w)	rudder
dusier		ʐyzŕ			smell, be fragrant / (colloq.) break wind
dusies	duše	ʐyzi		duisya	fragrant, aromatic
dusorion			duzorî		leader, town mayor
ďahan					lead / elect, raise to leadership
ďahes	ďaye			ďaowa	correct
ďahres	ďa re				sober
ďaȟ	(eď)				16th letter of the alphabet, K (K)
ďaikos	ďac	zage	dhâk	ďaiko	wind
ďaitos	ďat	zaşe	dhât disaster	ďaito disaster	omen
ďal					rich, satisfying, uplifting; fine, well-made
ďalan	ďalan				enrich, enhance, complement / satisfy
ďamir	ďamir	zamŕ		ďaomir	be in error / make an error
ďannos	ďan	zâne	dhan	ďauno	wool [*]
ďascima					small pouch; gland
ďascos	ďaš pocket	zaşce purse	dhashk sack	ďaoso	pouch, small bag
ďebran	ďevan	zurn	dhêbra	ďiebra	harm, involve / hurt
ďeler	ďeler			ďielar	differ / change [K *dwel-]
ďeltes	(ďelte)				variable, different
ďer	ďer	zŕ	dhê	ďier	door
ďian	(ďiec)				run, extend in a straight line / propel
Ďicos	Ďic			Ďioco	guardian of the underworld
ďieses	ďëse flat	zize		ďiesa	straight, smooth (esp. in reference to a trajectory)
ďiesura	ďësura pavement				facing, veneer, pavement
ďitel	ďitel	ziteł	dhitêl	ďiotal	road [cf. ďian]
ďondes	(ďonde)				calm, quiet
ďomensa	ďumeza				quarry
ďomile	ďumë	zomile	dhomel	ďomiola	stone
ďomises	ďumise	zomize		ďomiosa stony	strong, determined
ďorec					rave, act crazily / visit with ďorinia
ďorind			dhôrind wild		insane, suffering from ďorinia
ďorinia	ďorina passion				an insanity given by the gods
ďoulos	ďol			ďoulo	size
ďuos		zo			frown
ďubren	ďuven			ďuibra	frown / begin frowning; discountenance
ďul	ďul	ził	dhul	ďuil	smooth [*]
ďun	ďun	zin	dhu	ďu	two [*]
ďurec			dhirê		open out, widen; be full or ample / make wider
ďuror	ďuro		dhuru	ďoaro	a wide-mouthed flagon, flask
ecammisidas	camsida				yellow arsenic, orpiment (used as a pigment) [c]
eciler	eseyer try	eçilŕ	echilê	siolar	attempt, try / make an attempt
ecunit	ecunĭ			cuini	knights-and-kings (Cuzeian board game) (plural in form; m.) [c]
edimiros					troll [c]
eglerec	eglérec	eglŕec	êglerê	eglierac	praise /
eidolo	(eidolo)				form, shape
Eileďan	Eleď	Elezn	Eledha	Yeleďa	Eleď [Cuêzi Eīledan]
eilures	eyure		elirê	iluira	lovely
ek	ek				6th letter of the alphabet, K (K)
el	el				center, central [*]
elcar	eucar miner	ełşŕ	ûka	ieclar	elcar (dwarvish race); by extension, a miner [c]
elcaranda	eucarana				mine, mining camp
eleinamiei	elnamë		elenami		platinum [c]
Eleisa	Elesa	Eleʐe	Elez	Liesa	capital of Cuzei
eleus					free man
eleutes	(eleute)	elyde	elûtê		free (not a slave); of a character befitting a free man
elil	elil			ielil	full of life, lively, vigorous
elir	elir	elŕ	eli	ielir	life
elirec	elirec	elirec	elirê	liorac	live / [*]
eloria	eloria empire	elŕi		lourya	kingdom
eloreis	elrei	elŕe	elorê		queen
elorion		elŕyn	elorî		king
elorises	elrise imperial	elŕize			kingly, royal; state, governmental
elucir	elusir vote				mark, tag; vote /
emec	emec buy	em(ea)		iemac	talk; haggle / begin talking Lond len emao I give you honor (one of a class of greetings)
eminsec	mizec say	emîsec lecture	eminzê babble	mionsac gossip	speak at length, prattle on /
Endauron	Enäron	Êdŕn	Êndaoru	Endawo	chief of the gods [*]
encailes	ecaë		ênkâlê	encaile	horrible
encais	ecai	êşa	ênkâ	encai	horror, terror; monster
endil	enil	êʐił	êndel cowardly	iendil	quiet, shy, hidden [‘woodish’]
endis	endi	êʐi	êndi	iendi	wood [*]
epesan	epan	ebezn	epeza	piesa	can, be able to / learn how to (irr.)
Eprantos	Efrat	Eprâte	Êprant	Eplaondo	Efrat river [Meť. Evrando]
er	er	ŕ	e, êr	ir	and
Eraudor	Eärdur	Ŕuʐŕ	Eraodu	Eradwor	Eärdur river
erdis		ŕzi	êrdi	ierdi	spell, curse (f.)
erditis	ëdiči	ŕʐiʐe			witch, female shaman
erditren	ëdičan			erdiotla	bewitch, enchant / cast a spell on
ereineca	erénica	ŕeneşe		rieneca	purge, purgative [c]
eremes	erme	ŕeme	eremê	ierem	shallow
ereslos	erél	ŕesle	erêsûl	rieslo	cranberry
eris			eri		mine (possessive adjective) [*]
eruidas	erüza			eruoda	cinnabar [c]
esan	esan	ezn	eza	iesa	be / (irr.) [*]
esarȟ	esar	ezŕh duke	ezarkh baron		prefect
Escis	Eši	Eçi	Êshki	Ieswi	goddess of art
escrion	ešro bully				foreman, leader
eseia	esea presence			sieȟa	existence, being
esistes	este	ezişte	ezishtê	iesťe	great [*]
espices	epese	eşpiçe	êshpichê	eswosa	thick, wide
espuel	epöl	eşpul		eswiel	shoulder
espuila	epüa	eşpule	êshpêl	eswiola	spear [weapon held on the shoulder]
estol	etol warehouse	eştł	êshtôl	iesťol	cellar, storeroom, pantry
estaldos	etald	eştałde	êshtôd	esťaoldo	plain
eta	eta	ede	et	ieta	about
etadan	etadan			taoda	describe [’give about’]
etadec					descriptive; adjective, attribute, characteristic
etromorion	ečomoro				schoolmaster
etromos	ečom	etrome		ietlom lesson	school
evranȟras	evranka			evranda	realgar, minium [Meť. evrankhras]
faďas					patience
faďenes	faďne	fazene	fadhenê slow to ire	faoďen	patient
fagiolo	fažolo	fajyle	fachiol	fazyoulo	round bean [Cuêzi fagīllu ‘small bean’]
faȟ	fako box			faȟ	box (smaller than a cista)
faȟima	fařima cage				a very small box
failir	fayir	falŕ	fâli	failir run out	be necessary / run out, fail (irr.)
falaȟ	falek pawn			faolaȟ	soldier
falaȟres	falaře military			flaoȟra	soldierly; rough in manners
falaȟta	falata	falahte swarm	falakht	flaota	army [collective of falaȟ]
falens	falez	falî	falên	faolan	cliff
falilantos	(falilant) anemia		falilant		whiteness; anemia
faliles	fale	falile	falilê	faolil	white
falilicer					whiten, bleach
fanda	fana	fâde	fand	faonda	stream, brook
fantos	fant ghost	fâte ghost	fant	faondo	soul, spirit; ghost [*]
far	(fassec do)				do (verbal anaphor); busy oneself / (irr.) [*] Elorion faet curesan The King inquires— far emphasizes the official or imperative nature of the action
farcir	farsir		farki	faorsir	stuff, fill (intr/trans)
fas	(fai)				21st letter of the alphabet, F (F)
fasa	(fasad)	faze	faz		front
fasceo	(fasco) business				things to do; occupation
fascises	faše angry		fashkizê disdainful	faoswis	busy, occupied; agitated
fasil	fasil easy			faosil easy	simple, straightforward [‘forward-pointing’]
fasilnes					shoddy, inferior; quickly or badly put together
fauban	fäban	fuvn	faoba	fawba	paint /
faucae	fäce				past [‘it left’]
faucir	fäsir		faichi	fawsir	leave / leave abruptly or imminently (irr.) [*]
fauȟes	fähe	fuge	faikhê heir	fawȟe competent	able, potent, capable [*]
fauran	färan			fawa	transport for hire, ferry / take or hire a ferry
ferien	ferien	fŕn	feriê	feri	bear (a weight), support / lift, shoulder (remote fers-)
ferires	fere solid				weighty
fersio	fëšo ball				party, (private) celebration
fesmes	feme	feşme	fêhmê	fiezma	rough
fidir	fizir				seal (v.)
Fidora	Fidra	Fiʐŕe	Fidor	Fiodor	goddess of night
fikos	fik	fige	fik	fioko	fig
fil	fil	fił	fel	fil	thread, string
filis	fiy		fili	fioli	fern [*]
findan	findan				split
fitidos	fičid(edra)				poison ivy [c]
flaia	(flayka) desk				flat surface, counter
flanďomile	flaďomë				slate [‘flat stone’, calque on c dānomurga]
flanes		flane	flanê		flat
flaves	flave	flave	flavê	flaova	yellow [*]
fohec		fogec	fokhê		blow [*]
fondos	fond	fôde	fônd	foundo	bottom
forȟabren	foraven				swing back and forth [‘move while hanging’]
forȟan	forhan	fŕhn	fôrkha	fourȟa	hang (intr/trans)
forȟeio					hanging; suspense
foria		fŕi	fori		diarrhea
foriden			foridê impregnate		fertilize; provide for (in a male way, as opposed to nurir) [‘fertile-give’] foridec stallion
forius	for(ë) anus	fŕy			dung
forno	forno	fŕne	for	fourno	hay [*]
formica	formica	fŕmişe	forik	fomioca	ant
fortes	forte	fŕte	fôrtê		loud [*]
foseca	fose	fozeşe	fozek	fosieca	crane (bird)
fragas	fraga	frage	fraga	fyaoga	strawberry
fraulir	frälir			fyawlir	bloom /
freia	fréa	freʐe		fyeȟa	faith
frirec	frirec	friec	frirê	fyiorac ruin	crumble / fall into pieces, disintegrate
frohes	froe		froê	fyouwa	cold [*]
frondos	frond penis	frôde penis	frônd	fyoundo	a type of mushroom; the penis
fruhes	frue	frue	friê	fyuwa	early, soon to happen
fuacos	fac			fuoco	yoke [*]
fuca	(fužul) dark				color, shade; tint, altered or apparent color (cf. orare) [c]
fucan	(fucoš) pencil	fuşn			color, tint, dye /
fucec	(fucec)				consonant [loan-trans. from Cuêzi]
fuelis	föy	fuli	feli	fuili	leaf [*]
furfur	fufur				timid [imitative of stuttering]
fulgo	fulyo	fuʐe	fulh	foaglo	soot
fulgura	fulüra			fugluira	ink
furas	fuá(y) time				case, instance
futes		fude	fitê		full [*]
futren	futruir* fuck			fuitla	fill, fit / fill up, stick in
furan	furan		fura	fuira pretend	feign / act, perform [*]
furaeluťres					hypocritical [‘feign virtue’]
furensa					theater, music hall
gadir					perceive; know by observation / come to know, learn
gadimir	gazimir				surmise, assume; know by deduction, understand / come to believe
gaeculos	gécul	gegule	gâkul	gaicolo	prison, dungeon
gaenir	genir bother	genŕ	gâni	gainir	persecute, oppress /
gaereȟ	gerak			gaireȟ	strait
gaetel					a throw, a cast
gaetelta	geteta		gâtût	gaitietla	the game of dice [‘casts’] bocos gaeteltae die
gaetile	gečë	geşile	gâtel	gaitiola	net
gaetir	gečir			gaitir	cast, throw /
gahilec	gaiec				model, mold, shape, form
gahileis	gaiei		gailê		one of the Fates (Middreis, Bunnoris, Scustanda)
gaȟgan	gagan				choke (intr/trans) [imitative]
gairisiu	gerišu				balm, ointment [c]
galis	gali	gali	gali	gaoli	bath
gamera	gambra			gaomer	sea turtle
gansos	gäs	gâse	ganz	gaonso	goose [*]
garesmes	gareme	gŕeşme	gorêhmê	gariezma cunning	sensible
garorion	garlo sorceror				wise or cunning man
garos	(OV gar)	gŕe	gor	gaoro	sense, gumption, common sense [*]
garra	gara breast			gaora lump	swelling, protuberance
garrarda		(gaŕde)			swelling (as a medical condition)
gascia	gašia	(gascia)			spoilage; leprosy
gascir	gašir		(gashku leper)	gaoswir	be spoiled / spoil, damage [dialectal form of gaspir]
gaspir	gasfir	gaşpŕ	gashpi		waste /
geleia	želea	jeleʐe	gelech	glieȟa	calm
geles	(gele)		gelê		calm
gemina	žemna	jeme	gemin	ziemin	twin
genos	žen people	gene	gen	zieno	clan, specific group of people [*]
ges	(gëf)				10th letter of the alphabet, G (G)
ges	žes	je	gês idol		household god [*]
gesensa	žeiza shrine				niche where the ges lives
gicoer	žicoir			zicouer	bray (like a donkey) / begin braying
gina	žina girl	gine	chin bride	ziona	maiden, young woman [*]
gios	ži	jy		zio	boy, youngster (not parallel semantically to gina) [*]
gireinos	žirén	jirene	chiren	zirieno	ibis [c, from Meť]
giren	žiren hug			ziora	comfort, console /
giveica	živesa				liveliness
gives	žive	jive	chivê		lively, active
glabren					shimmer, glimmer, glisten / [‘shine from movement’: *glayec ‘shine’ + -bren ‘move’]
glabrile					diamond [‘glimmerer’]
glabro	glavo	glure	glabor	glaobro	broadsword; the name of a silver coin with a sword stamped on it [from glabren]
glansa	glaza lamp	glâse	glanz	glaonsa	torch [*glayec ‘shine’ + -ensa]
glascan	glašan				announce, proclaim (intr/trans) [from *glayec ‘shine’]
glauca	gläca			glawca	puddle
gleuma	glöma		glûm	glieuma	mucus, snot
glinis	gliny	glini	glini	glioni	long [*]
glinura					length (of something); sausage
glitan	gličir*			gliota	stick (together) / stick (on), glue
glitosios	glitoš			glitousyo	glue
glongec	glónëc	glôjec	glonhê	glounzac	ring (intr/trans)
gluntir	glutir	glîtŕ	glunti	gluindir	swallow
golb	gob penis				a type of mushroom
golgos	goly front	goʐe	golh	gouglo	face [K *golks]
gonicoreca					coherence, integrity
gonicores	gucöre uncorrupted				coherent, integrated, whole [c gōnicoro]
gorať	gorat	gŕes	gorath	gourať	tower
gorgis	gorži			goirzi	throat [*]
grabren	graven			gyaobra	rake /
graiȟ	grak	grah pea	grâkh	gyaiȟ	chickpea
grandos	gran borderland	grâde		gyaondo	border
grel	grel	grł	grêl	gyel	hail
grelan	grelan	greln		gyiela	hail / begin to hail
gribos	grib	grive	grip	gyiobo	mushroom
grilu	griu	grili	grel	gyiolo	wheat [*]
griman	griman		grima	gyioma	pull / tug sharply
grogec	grogec	grojec	grochê	gyouzac	be milled / mill, grind
groumbos	grom			gyoumbo	thunder
grukra	gruřa	grucre	grukor	gyuicla	turnip
guendas	genda				angle [C. guendāuas]
guentesmes	geteme				metallic; strong, powerful
guentos	gent		gênt	giendo	metal [*]
guesos	(OV ges)	guze		gieso	power, authority
guesres	(OV gröse)				powerful
guebreica	gövesa				fear, terror
guebrec	gövec panic		gêbrê		fear / cow, terrify
guhiro	giuro stallion		gir horse		warhorse
guimina					swarm
guiminen	gimen abound			guomina	swarm / cause or start to swarm
guintro	(gintro)	jître		ziondlo	sash
guiscue	güsce			gioswo	jungle [c]
gula	gula	gule	gul	guila	bile
gulabanres					acid-tongued [‘tongue of acid’]
gulres	gulere angry	gułre	gurrê angry		bilious; angry
gunen	gunen	gundn		guina	arm, supply / arm for battle
gunile	gunë	gynile	ginel	guniola	armor
gunorion	gunoro				master of arms, armorer
gurenda	gué ford			gurienda	crossing place
gurie	gurë	gŕô	gir(ônd)	guirya	lion [*]
gustan	gustan	guştn	gushta	guisťa	taste
gutia	(gutia)	(gutia)			shuddering; epilepsy
gutir					shudder (intr) / shake (trans)
guť	gut	gis	guth	guiť	rat [*]
habil	(abilen)		habêl		clothes
haber		avŕ	habê		wear / put on
haeda	eda unit of length			aida	stem; unit of length
haedera	edra	eʐŕe	hâder	aidera	ivy
haemur	emur	emŕ	hâmu		emur (tin/silver alloy)
hanca	anca	âşe	hank	aonca	hip [*]
harad	arad		horad		despite, although harada however, nonetheless
harbeȟ	arbek			aorbaȟ	locust (insect)
harico	arico	ŕige	horik	arioco	long bean
hascir	ašir		hashki consider		maintain / argue, advance the proposition that
haupis	(atäpan)	ubi	haipi		tight
heccan	ec(iman)				start hiccuping / hiccup [imitative]
hectes	(ežes) neighborhood				familiar; ordinary
hek	(oď)				24th letter of the alphabet, Ú (Ḣ)
helgaios	eliá	eʐaʐe	helhach	eglaoyo	olive
helgaita	eliata				olive grove [collective of helgaios]
hescir	ešuir* fail	eşŕ	hêshki	ieswir	fall short / fail, lose [*] hescir hamurabon violate the law
hetitan	ečitan			etiota	wake up / awaken
hetitres					awake, wary, vigilant
hibreris	iveri		hibreli	ibrieri	winter
hibu	ibu	ivi	hip	iobo	owl [*]
hie	yë	i	hi	ye	eye [*]
hiescorres	yešore	işcŕe	hiêshkôrê	yeswoura	kohl [‘eye-dark’]
hieruemen	yerömen				estimate, guess / [‘eye-count’]
hindos	ind	îde	hind	iondo	pepper
hionnos	yon	iône	hôn	youno	bread [*]
hirudina	irzina	iryzine	hiridin	rudiona	leech
holior	olior awesome	olŕ ponderous	holhur impressive	oulyor uncanny	thunderous; intense, impressive [c]
homardos	omár			omordo	lobster
homra	umbra	ôre	hômor	oumba	shadow [K *xworma]
horto	orto	ŕte	hôrt	ourto	toe
hosol	osol	ozł	hozôl	ousol	donkey [K *xwusol]
huer	(dör out of)				outside, surface (n.)
humo	umo	ume	hum	oamo	tub, basin, bath
hurises	urise		irizê		made of clay; mortal
huros	ur	ŕe	hur	oaro	clay, earth [*]
hurulan	urulan	ŕuln			despoil, loot, vandalize /
hurulec	urulec				pirate, despoiler, vandal
huscican	ušican			uswoca	yell, shout / begin shouting
ȟaep	hep	hep	khâp	ȟaip	seven [*]
ȟaepes	hepe	hebe	khâpê	ȟaipe	seventh
ȟaeta	heta				bran, rind [Meť. γaita]
ȟaltes	haute		khôtê	ȟaotla	tall
ȟamsifa	hasifa	hâsive	khamsif		sulfur [Meť.]
ȟaur	här-	hŕ	khaor	ȟaur	slow
ȟecu	hecu	hegi	khek	ȟieco	nature, character [c]
ȟegian	hežan		khechia	ȟiezya	guard / set a guard, protect
ȟendos	hend shirt				tunic [c]
ȟenila	henia				toga [c]
ȟento	heto				shrimp [Meť. γento]
ȟepato	hepato	hebade	khepat	ȟepaoto	liver [*]
ȟice	(hicet)	hiçe	khich		sum, amount (generally used in plural) [c]
ȟicura	hecur			ȟicura	weight (for use with scales)
ȟicescrifta	—				accounting, mathematics
ȟigena	hižena	hijene	khichen	ȟiziena	row, line; battle front
ȟiran	(sahiran)				flail, flutter / shake (something) vigorously
Ȟirumor	Hírumor			Ȟiorom	a planet [Meť. (mi)ȟirem, from Elkarîl]
ȟitos					dexterity
ȟitris	hičy crafty			ȟiotli	dexterous
ȟivicu	hifcu				hickory nut [c]
ȟmat	mat				capture, seizure
ȟmatan	matuan*				be a prisoner of / capture, seize ȟmatul captive, slave
ȟora	hora	hŕe	khor	ȟoura	hour aelan ȟoran till this time, even now
ȟorge	horže			ȟourza	barley [*]
ȟostora	hostora			ȟosťoura	skeleton
ȟostidordes	(hostidorde)				socket (for a bone) [c]
ȟostos	host	hoşte	khôsht	ȟousťo	bone [*]
ȟontos					shelter
ȟontonden	hotonen stay			ȟondounda	take shelter / give shelter (conj. like dan)
ȟoť	koď				18th letter of the alphabet, Ó (Ȟ)
ȟotilicu	hočicu				locust (tree) [c]
ȟrabrica	řavica				courage
ȟrabris	řavy		rhabri	ȟyaobri	courageous [K *xrabs]
ȟraner	řaner			ȟyaunar mentor	safeguard, protect from harm / place under one’s protection
ȟribrel					right, permission
ȟribren			rhibrê		allow, permit [‘make free’]
ȟrinso	řizo		rhinz	ȟyionso	root [K *xrinso]
ȟrinsond					tuber; beet [‘big root’]
ȟris	řis			ȟyi	free (not oppressed)
ȟrom	řom	hê	rhu useless	ȟyoum	lame
ȟroman	řoman	homn stumble	rhoma be useless	ȟyouma	limp, walk lamely
ȟron	řon	hin	rhu		language [*]
ȟrudis	řuzi	hyʐi	rhidi	ȟyudi	chest, bosom
ȟruditir					embrace, accept; recognize (a son, a sin) [‘take to the chest’]
ȟruis	řuy wonder	hu	rhî	ȟyui	confused, baffled; bafflement
ȟubren	huven tint			ȟuibra	sink, go under / sink, immerse, put under [ȟupe + -bren ‘move’]
ȟucil	husil genuine				prophetic, god-spoken
ȟucua	huca oracle	hugia holy place	khuku god‘s home	ȟoacoa haunted	place where gods live or speak; oracle
ȟucuia		huguʐe			prophetess
ȟucuis		hugi			prophet (n.)
ȟuepes	(huepe)	(hupe)	khepê		equal
ȟumos	hum	hume	khum guts		spirit, vigor, guts
ȟunocira	hunsira				mainland [‘land-body’]
ȟunodotis	hundoči				peninsula [‘land-finger’]
ȟunos	(hin-)	hune	khun		land [*]
ȟupe	hip	hube	khip	ȟuipa	under, below [*] ȟupa downward
ȟupehectes	hipeže				below average [‘below ordinary’]
ȟupetan	hupetan				compose [c]
ȟupetosceio	hiptošeo				deficit; medical condition caused by an underabundant element
ȟupetoscen					not be enough, fall short, be in deficit / start to fall short
ȟupua	hupa			ȟoapoa	halfling [from ‘below’?]
ȟusten	husten			ȟuisťa	cough / begin coughing; make (someone) cough
ȟutor	hutor	hudŕ	khuchu	ȟoator	farm
ȟutorion					farmer (landowner)
ȟuvil	huy(on)	huʐn		ȟuivil	chicken [‘eggy’, i.e. egg-giver]
ȟuvos	(huvon)	huve	khuf		egg [*]
i	i				3rd letter of the alphabet, I (i)
ia	a				2nd letter of the alphabet, A (a)
iacnis	yasny	içni	hakni	yaonsi	clear, simple
iagen	yagen	ijn	hachê	yaoza	hunt / go hunting [*]
iagos	yag	ige	hak	yaogo	hunt
Iainos	Iain	Iane	Hân	Yaino	Iáinos (Cuzeian god) [c]
iantar	yatar	îtŕ	hanta	yaondar	amber
iaris	yari	iŕi	hori	yaori	sound, noise
iat	ya			yat	already, even
iaulo	yolo		haol	yawlo	knee [*]
ibrec	ivrec		ibrê	iobrac	read / finish reading, have read
ibro	ivro		ibor	iobro	book aiďie ibro Aďivro, Caďinorian holy book
icte	iž			iosťa	before (time)
icteďes	ižeďe		shtedhê	isťieda	previous, former
ictescrifec	iššrifec guess				predict, foretell
ictises					preceding, antecedent
idiko	(idiko)				distinctive feature
iduran	zuran		idura	duira fall in love	desire / fall for, fall in love with
iduresmes	zueme gluttonous			duriezma	greedy, envious
ie	ë				4th letter of the alphabet, E (e)
iectil	yežil			yesťil	(quill) pen
iectu	iëžu	içti	hêch	yecťo	feather [*]
iedect		iʐeç	hedêsht		seventy
iela	yela	ile		yela	idea
ienevos	yenev			yenew	worm
Ienomais	Ënomai	Inoma	Hemmâ	Yenomi	sun [probably ‘awesome eye’; cf. hie, nium-]
ieres	ër- really				dull, banal
iesta	yesta		hêsht	yisťa seat	throne
igogen	igožen			gouza pillage	slaughter, decimate /
iȟodec					hold as sacred / sanctify
iȟodom	iřodom			ȟoudom	sacred, consecrated [irr. gerundive of iȟodec)
iȟodos			ikhod		sanctuary
iȟťuis	ihtü-	ihsu	ikhthî	iȟtui	fish (as living creature) (n.)
ili	iy		el		or
Ilďaneas	[ascii 0]I[ascii 0]lďa[ascii 0]n[ascii 0]e[ascii 0]a			Iďanieȟa	son of Ervëa; capital of Sarnáe
Iliacos	Iliac(áš)				the moon and god Iliacáš [original meaning uncertain; modified to pair with Iliages]
iliagarda	ilëgarda			yagaorda	menstruation [‘moon sickness’]
Iliages	Iliažë		Ilhachê	Ilyaoza	The name of a god and of the moon which belonged to him [‘bright god’]
Iliatal	Iliatal		Ilhatal		Iliatal, a star
ilihie					crow, raven [‘bright eye’]
ilis	(OV ili)	ili	ili		shiny, bright [*]
iliu	iliu	ily	ili	iola	iliu [c]
illa	ila she			iola	that (fem. demonstrative adj.); in later Caďinor, she
illu	ilu he	iʐi	il	iolo	that (masc. demonstrative adj.); in later Caďinor, he [*]
ilontis	iluti	ilôti	ilônti	loindi	quartz
ilosca	iloša			louswa	arch
ilubran	iluvan		ilubra	luibra	shine (intr/trans)
ilura	ilura	ilŕe	ilur	luira	wrist [*]
im	im	î	im		in, inside, into, among
imbren		îrn	imbrê		enter / cause to enter, invite in [im + -bren ‘move’]
imfantul	imfát			imfaondol	child, newborn [‘(newly) ensouled’]
imlendan					order, arrange [‘in line’]
implican	(implican)				imagine /
implicantos					imagination
implicel	implisel				image
impotuen	impočen			impoutoe	plant, bury / [‘in the ground’]
indetia	ineča				astringent, styptic indetia berundaries alum
indetir	indečir			indietir	be tight or constricted / constrict, bind
indolir	indolir	îdolŕ	indoli	indoilir	dig /
inges	inye	îje	inhê womanly	ionza	kind, gentle
ioci	žoc	yçi	hoch	yoisi	eight [*]
iocris	—	ycri	hôkri	yoicli	eighth
iodect		yʐeç	hodêsht		eighty
iohila	žoya	yli(me) testicle	hoel	yoyil	jewel
ioles	žole			youla	light (not heavy)
ionebren	žombren frighten				make feminine, unman /
iones	žonë	yne	honê	youna	female
iorta	žorta	ŕte(şe)	hôrt		flower [*]
iortan	žortir*				flower / sprout
iosu	(OV žosu)	yzi	hoz	youso uncle!	mercy
ir	ir	ir		ior	above, over
ireťa	irďa	irese	iredh	ioreť	crop
irhectes	ireže				extraordinary [‘above ordinary’]
Iriand	Iriam			Rioan	Iriam, the first of the iliĭ [c]
irleilen	irlelen				oversee, supervise / inspect, audit [‘watch over’]
irraumne	iräme				insolent, impudent [‘above rank’]
irtosceio	irtošeo			irtosweyo	excess, surplus; medical condition caused by an overabundant element
irtoscen					exceed, be too much / start to exceed
is	is		ish		out of (takes abl. or dat.)
iscan	išan			ioswa	search, look for / [*]
Iscaria	Išária	işŕi	Ishkori	Isworya	Caďinorian paradise
Iscira	Išira	Içire	Ishkir	Iswora	goddess of light
iscisir	išisir			iswosir	escape, slip out /
iscorumaia		şcŕmaʐe disease	(ishkorumai)		disharmony; disease, disorder
iscrenilis	iscreniy			iswienil	feeling, emotion [‘out of the guts’]
iscumen	išumen				send away, exile [‘out of hearth’]
isecun	iscun			iosec	simple
isieť	išet		iziêth	iosyať important	serious, grave
iskusan	(iskušen)	işkuzn	ishkuza		tempt (intr/trans) [intensive of ‘bite’]
iskusia	iskuša			iskuisya	temptation
isoncres	(isoncre irregular)				eccentric, unusual; irregular [‘out of the herd’]
isrampan					emerge / force out (esp. insects, mice, spies, etc.) [‘crawl out’]
isubren	isuven release	izurn	izubrê	suibra	go out, go away / evict, send away [is + -bren ‘move’]
itencir	itësir			tiensir deliberate	chew; mull over, worry / begin worrying; cause to worry
itiran	(dombr)ičan	işirn	itira		heart, spirit, mind [c]
iu	ü				1st letter of the alphabet, U (u)
iuba	žuba	yve	îp	yuiba	mane, crest [K *yuba]
iuca	žuca			yuica	role, position
iucile	žusë			yusiola	organ, member
iueȟos	žöh	yge	hekh	yueȟo	mead
iuile	žuë		hel	yuola	gift, toy
iulis	žuy	yli	hili	yuili	way, means, method [*] cum iulin + gen. in the way of
iumenta	žumeta	ymête	himênt	yumienda	mare
iusir	žusir	yzŕ			provide / give, bestow (irr.)
iusres	žure			yuisra	generous, well providing
kabes	ikabe	cave	kab(imê)		runt (adj.)
kados	(kadul)		kad	kaodo	buttocks [*]
kae	ke	ce		kai	who [*]
kaena	kena	cene	kân	kaina	reed, flute
Kaedun	Kezon	Ceʐn	Kâdu	Kaido	Kezon (chief demon)
kaetes	(ketu brothel)		kâtê		impudic, indecent, shameful
Kahinisa	(Kahinisa)				Kahinisa, the language of Kaino
Kahino	Kaino				Kaino (northern Caďinorian kingdom)
kal	kal forum				meeting place
kansec	kazec		kanzê	kaonsac	point at, indicate; nominate /
kansile	kazë				pointer, indication
kapro	kapro	capre	kapor	kaoplo	goat [*]
kar					happy, cheerful
kariu	karyu	cŕy		kaoryo	happiness, blessedness, favor, luck [Meť. γarigo, influenced by c xariu]
kascensa	kašeza				screen
kascia					an act of hiding; an eclipse
kascir	kašir	caşŕ	kashki	kaoswir	hide / [*]
kattis	katy spittoon	cati	kati	kaoti	jar, pot [*]
Kehadau	Keadau	Ceaʐu	Kehada		Keadau, the first Caďinorian emperor
Keibri	Kebri	Kure	Kêbor	Kiebri	Kebri [Meť. Kevrei]
kecir	kesir			kiesir	be possessed (by a spirit) / possess
keda	(fsëgdá always)	ceʐe	ked	kieda	when [*]
kedie	ktë		kedi	kedyoi	where
kekan	kekan	cegn	keka	kieka	kill / put to death, have killed
kella	kela			kiela	share
kentos	kent	cête	kênt	kiendo	plateau
kensa	(kensa trick)		kênz		how
kensadan					explain, justify / [‘give how’]
kerovos	krof	cŕove	kerof		blood [*]
kes	kies				do what (interrogatory verbal anaphor) (irr.)
kesca	keša	ceşe	kêshk	kieswa	stop
kescanda	kešana				jurisdiction, borough
kescarion	kešaro	ceşŕyn baron	kêshkorî regent		steward (chief of a borough)
kescen	kešen, kešuen*	ceçn	kêshkê	kieswa	stop, halt (intr/trans) (remote kess-) [*]
kestan	(ceštan)				fall (over) / overthrow
kestos	kest	ceşte	kêsht	kiesťo	type, kind [*ketosios ‘which substance’, with metathesis] kestit lesuineit the Thinking Kinds
kestora	kestora philosophy		kêshtor		the categories; by extension, philosophy
kestorion			kêshtorî		philosopher
kettos		cete	kêt who	kieto	what [ket ‘which’ + totos]
kesuile	kesuë			kesuiola domain	estate, house
kesuir					own (land); dominate a region or household; be important /
ket	kĭ	ce	kê		which [*]
keťeio	keďeo				parturition, birthing
keťen	keďen	cesn	kedhê	kieťa	bear (crops or young) / beget, cause to produce (irr.) [*]
keťul		cesił	kedhu		offspring, child (of any age— parent’s POV)
keťulta	keďuta				litter, all one’s offspring; generation
kever	kef	cevŕ	kevê	kievar	ashes [*]
kibru	civru	kyri	kibor	kiobro	copper kibru cregul verdigris, copper acetate
kili					mountain (Kaino dialect)
kilima	cima	cilime	kilim	klioma	hill [*]
kilimeica	cimeca				slope
kilimura	cëmura			kliomor	column
kilis	ciy		kili		epoch
kinhe	cüe	cîe	kinh	kiona	oil
kipan	cipan		kipa	kiopa	boil (intr/trans) [*]
kira	cira	cire	kir	kiora	wife [*]
kiruela	ciröla	cirule	kirel		plum
kiscis	(cišitë)	ciçi	kishki		weak [*]
kiscuran	cišuran			kiswuira	weaken, decay (intr/trans)
klesca	kleš				cymbals
klescebran	klevan slander			kleswiebra	clash, jangle /
kobos	(kobom headman)	hove	kop		head
koȟu	kořu	hogi		kouȟo	leather
kodan	kodan avoid, kozuir* expel	hoʐn	koda expel	kouda	shun / ban, cause to be shunned
kol	kol	hł	kôl		iron
kolile	kolë	holile	kolel	kliola	steel
Kolleiva	Koleva	Holeve	Kôlef	Kolieva	legendary heroine
kolpos	koup	hułpe	kôp	koulpo	fruit [*]
konna	kuna	hône		kouna	money
konsa	kuza			kounsa	cousin (f.)
konsir	(konsir)	hôsŕ			advise / say (as advice)
konso	kuzo	hôse		kounso	cousin (m.)
kopan	kopan			koupa	drip (intr/trans)
kosca	koš(ka)	hoşe	kôshk		cat
krais	řay		rhâ-	cyai	edge, limit
kraita	(kraita)				insides, interior [‘all what is bounded’]
kraitres	řače private				interior, internal
krase	řase	craze	rhaz	cyaosa	rose
Kravcaena	Řavcaena	Crasene	Rhafkân	Cyacaina	Řavcaena, goddess of agriculture
kreba	řeba	creve	rhep	cyieba	spine, backbone; keel [*]
kredec	ředec	creʐec	rhedê	cyiedac	believe / come to believe; persuade, convert
kreȟ	řek	creh	rhêkh	cyeȟ	cross
krem	řem				sacred, belonging to the gods [*]
krenas	řena	crene	rhena	cyiena	flint
krensis	řezy eternal			cyensi	godlike, of the same nature as the gods
kresos	řes	creze	rhez dog	cyeso	male dog
kribro	řivo mayor				chief, boss (colloquial)
krim	řim	crî	rhi	cyim	kidney
kritos	řit			cyoto	pan, bowl [*]
kroga	řoga	croge	rhok	cyouga	plaster, gypsum
krocua	řoca		rhoku	cyouca	hook
kroȟua	řořa minstrel			cyouȟa	street entertainer
kruȟ	řuk	crih	rhukh		keep, castle
krumbos	řum	crûbe	rhump	cyoambo	cold (the sickness)
krucec	řusec				control / [*]
krucis	řusi	cryçi	rhichi	cyuisi	muscle [‘controller’]
krucor	řucor				control; administration, government (as a function; the agent accomplishing this was the curies)
krurec	řurec			cyuirac	growl / start growling
kudos	kud	huʐe	kud(ek)	koado	hole [*]
kuebis	köby mean	huvi	kebi firm	kuiebi	cruel, brutal
kueȟantis	köti			kuȟaondi	f squirrel [‘big-tail-one’]
kueȟos	köh		kekh	kuiȟo	tail [*]
kueȟris	köřy			kuiȟri	cowardly [‘tailish’]
Kuidia	Küiza			Kuidya	wife of Kaedun (Kezon)
kusan	kus(izan)				chew / bite (remote koss-)
kuscaȟ	kušak				ogre
la	la				19th letter of the alphabet, K (K)
labanis	labi	lavani	labani	laoban	tongue [*]
lacaturei	lácati	laşŕe	lakachir		cotton
lacen	lacuan*		lachê		dwell, inhabit / move to, occupy
lacris	lacri			laocli	tear
ladrilo	ladriyo	ladrile	ladrel	ladriolo	brick
ladzuar	lažar	lajuŕ	ladzar	laodzor	lapis lazuli [Munkhâshi]
laeman	leman	lemn		laima	throw out, discard /
lagec	lažec get			laozac	grab, snatch (colloquial) /
lagena	lažna	lajene	lachen	laozen	bottle
Lago	Lago				a legendary mischievous sprite
lainan		landn	lâna		suffer / torment
laineica	lanca troubles				suffering
laitondos	laitón	laşôde	lâtônd	laitoundo	brass [Laita, city in Davrio which exported it]
lamira	lambra	lamire cloth	lamir		linen cloth; sheet [c]
lannile	lanë	lânile	lanel	laniola	linen
lannos	lan	lâne	lan	launo	flax [*]
lapren	lap(is) rabbit	laprn	laprê		run / begin running
larganda	lagana	lŕgâde	largand		square, place, piazza
larges	larže	lŕje	largê	laorza	wide
lasicer					tire, bother
lasses	lase	lase	lasê	laosa	tired
latuan	lačan	laşn	lacha	laotoa	should, ought / become obliged
laubrisa		lurize	laobriz		dance [c]
laubrisic(a)	lavisic(a)				dancer
laubrisir	lavisir	lurizŕ	laobrizi	laubrosir	dance
laudan	lädan	luʐn	laoda	lawda	go / go imminently or quickly (remote lod-) [*]
laudeca	lädeca	luʐeşe	laidek		departure
launos	(laun)	lune	laon		circle [c]
lautan	lätan	ludn	laota	lawta	compete
lavan	lavan	lavn	lava	laova	wash (intr/tr)
lebes	lebe	leve	lebê	lieba	new [*]
lebdan					restore, remake, return /
lebre	leve	lure	lêbor	liebra	lip
lebtractul	epraž(o)	lebtraçtił	lêbtrachu apprentice		newcomer (colloquial) [‘newly dragged in’]
legan	legan	legn	lega	liega	lie, mislead / tell a lie (remote log-)
legel	ležel			liezal	lie
leȟondos					a leȟos of leȟit (10 billion)
leȟos	leh	lege	lekh		one hundred thousand
leileica	lelesa	leleşe	lelek	lelieca	vision; faith
leilen	lelen	leln	lelê	liele	see / spot, notice (remote lels-) [*]
leiliť	(lelitse)				precisely accurate [‘from sight’]
leivos	lef		lef	liele	wolf [*]
lemma	leme	lême	lêm	lievo	milk [*]
lencos	lëc		lênk	liema	link
lenisiu	lëšu				straightedge, ruler [c]
lenka	lëka	lêce	lênk	lienka	remedy, cure
lenkadan	lekadan				treat
lenkarion	lekáro	lêcŕyn	lênkorî		doctor [‘master of cures’]
lennos	lën	lêne	lên	lieno	line [*]
lentilis	lëtiy	lêtili	lêntili	lendioli	lentil
leor	(leor)				glass (of wine or beer) [from leus ‘glass’]
leorec	leurec				draw off liquid (from a barrel etc.), pour a glass /
lereges	lereže	lŕeje	lerchê	lerieza	happy
leretes	lerte	lŕede	leretê	lieret tricky	clever [c]
lerias	leria	lŕi			understanding [c]
leris	(lë)	(lo)lŕ	leri		yours (possessive adjective) [*]
lerpa	lëpa	lŕpe	lêrp	lierpa	petal
lescel	lešel				selling price
lescen	(lescom merchant)	leçn	lêshkê		sell (remote less-)
lesos					coterie, crowd, one’s friends
lestan	lestuen* flatter	leştn			talk with friends, hand out / seek to join a coterie, flatter
lesteio	lesteo				place for gathering with one’s friends
lestos	(lest)		lêsht		lest, Cuêzi unit of distance [c]
lesuias	(lesüas)				rational being [confused rendition of Cuêzi elerisuas]
lesuines	lesüne				rational (as opposed to animal or divine)
let	le	le	lê	liet	you (singular) [*]
leta	leta	lede	let		coin
letan	letan, lečir* fling	ledn	leta	lieta	fly / make to fly (a kite, a falcon, etc.) [*]
leťa	leďa				lot, random selection; example
leťen	leďuen*				/ draw lots
leukol	lökol				black manganese [‘iron for (making) glass’]
leus	(steklo)	ly	lû	liew	glass; mirror
leuseleter	lösélter				reflect [‘mirror-light’]
Leziuneia		Lezynea		Lezyunieȟa	Leziunea [Meť.]
leziunis	lezüny	lezyni		lezyuini	of Leziunea (the Meťaiun kingdom and Caď. province)
libran	livan	lyrn	libra	liobra	pour /
licis	lisy	liçi bald	lichi	liosi	barren
licres	licre		likrê	liocla	poor
licunos	licun				hazelnut [*]
lihalan	lialan, lialuan*	lialn		liwaola	rise, be in a high place / raise [*]
liȟases	lihse				soprano [c]
limura	limura	limŕe	limur	limuira	breast [variant of lemura ‘thing for milk’]
lir	lir	liŕ	li		melody, verse
lismos	lim	lişme	lisûm	liozmo	slug, snail
lisu					slime
lisucia	leusia	lizyçi	lizichi	lisuisya	swamp
lisutes	leut slime	lizude	lizitê	lisuita moist	slimy
litis	ličy lawsuit	lişi	liti		quarrel; lawsuit
litnes	litne pesky		litnê whiny		quarrelsome
liubec	lübec	lyvec	lhibê	lyubac	love (v) / fall in love (optionally irr.) [*]
liubor	lübor	lyvŕ	lhubu	lyoabor	love [*]
liubran	lüvrec				play the recorder; glide between notes /
liura	lüra			lyuira	recorder, deep-toned flute
logos	log	loge	lok	lougo	word
lois	loy				payment
lomos	(luom)	lome	lom	loumo	apple [*]
londos	lon		lônd	loundo	honor [*]
londuran	lunuran	lôʐŕn	lôndura		appoint, assign
lucus	luco		luku	loaco	bushel, basket
Ludro				Loadro	a city in Sarnáe
luiura	lužura				affection
luka	luka	luge	luk	luika	bend, joint (of body) [*]
lukan	lukan			luika	bend (intr/trans)
lupeȟ	lupek	lubeh	lipêkh	luipaȟ	fox
lures	lue voluptuous	lŕe	lirê	luira	beautiful [*]
lurias	luria				wrestling [c]
lurir	lurer	lŕŕ	liri		wrestle
luteion	luteon			lutieyo meadow	orchard
lutian	lučen	lyşn	litia		miss, lack / run out
lutis	lut(uli)		liz		meadow, glade, clearing (f.) [*]
macelo	maslo	maçele	machel	maosel	butter
maco	maco	mage		maoco	any pasty substance; dough [*]
macres	macre	macre	makrê	maocla	thin
mactana	mažtana	maçtane	mashtan	macťauna	city
maelnitan		melnidn			be grateful to, be indebted to / thank
maelnites	mélnite		mûnitê		grateful
magnos	magen	majne	manh	maogo	stomach
mahins	maíz	maî			corn (maize)
maȟila	mahia	magile	makhel	maȟiola	jaw
maimenia	mémia	mameni	mâmenhi	maimenya	turkey
mal	mal	mł	mal		bad
malburuȟ	maubruk				abuse, ill treatment
malburuȟan	maubruhan				abuse, misuse / [‘bad-use’]
maldusies	mauduše				stinky, smelly; skunk
malemec	maumec gripe			maolec	complain, speak ill of / begin complaining
malemel	maumel gripe				complaint
mallenes					distorted [‘bad mirror’]
malneica					illness, sickness
malnes	mön	małne	mônê	maolna	sick, ill
maltren	mautruir* destroy				be sick, be bad; malinger / make sick, make worse
mancan	mancan		manka	maonca use up	lack / remove, take the last of
mantica	matica			mandioca udder	purse
manus	mano	mani	manu	mauno	hand [*]
mapola	mafla	mabole	mapol	mapouta	the Almean (blue) poppy [southern Meť.; cf. northern mapota]
Maranȟ	Maranh	Mŕâh	Morankh	Maorauȟ	a legendary hero, similar to our Hercules
marec	marian*		morê		be married / marry
marim					fiancé, (f.) fiancée [‘to be married’]
maris	maris husband				marital; spouse (as noun, declines as m. or f. adj.)
marsio	maršo	mŕsy	marsi	marsyo	beaver
masceis		maçe	mashkê		mistress (f.) [*]
mascion					master (n) [pE *maks plus a suffix also found in Karazi: cf. c mâsio]
mascir	mašir	maşŕ			master (v)
mascres	mašre				masterful, dominant
matella	matela	madele	matêl		chamberpot
maudund	mäzun			mawdun	giant, gigantic
me	me				20th letter of the alphabet, M (M)
meas	(meas)				act; relation
mebran	mevan			miebra	act /
mebros	mev			miebro	act, action; verb
mecler	meclir	meclŕ	mêklê		/ mix
medeta	metta	meʐede		miedet	table
medetensa	metteza				tablecloth
medines	mezine	meʐine			natural, god-ordained
medinile	mezinë				divine order
medriles	medrë			medriola	noble
medro	medro			miedro	nobility [*]
meďos	meď	meze	medh	mieďo	son [*]
megua	(megua)	mege			one tenth of a hora (six minutes)
mehu	meu		meh	miewo	furrow
mehunden	meunen	meûdn	meundê	miewonde	plow /
meinda	mena	mîde		mienda	wave [early derivation of ‘water’]
meis	mey	me	mê	mie	water [*]
meises	mese	meʐe	mezê kind		benevolent, wise; watery
mekra	meřa	mecre	mêkor	miecla	a type of herb [Meť.]
melankes	mlake	melâce	melankê	mlaonka	black
melankond	mlakon	melâcn		mlaonkon	coal [augmentative of ‘black’]
melastes	melašte noble	melaşte	melashtê		best [*]
melie	mëlë	meli(c)	meli(k)	mielya	bee [*]
melior		melŕ	melhu		better
melis	meli		meli	mieli (adverbial)	way, route, course
melis		meli	meli		good [possibly PE ‘sweet’, underlying *melie ‘bee’] mela ctanen be auspicious or fortuitous
meliurec	melürec			melyuirac visit	go from flower to flower like a bee; make rounds, visit /
melosios	meloš	melozy	melozi	mlousyo	honey [’bee substance’]
melugir	mlužir loom			mluizir	approach, be foreseen or imminent / foresee
menca	(menca)	mêşe	mênk		model, paradigm
Menela	Menla		Menûl	Mienel	Menla river [Monkhayic]
menener	mener	menenŕ		menienar	wiggle, wriggle (trans/intr)
Meneu	Meme				the star Meme [Meť. Menewa]
merast	mers			mierasť	market
merir	merir			mierir	measure / (remote mers-) [*]
meresmes	mereme			meriezma	moderate [‘measured’]
mergen	mëžen	mŕjn	mêrgê		sink, be sinking / sink, immerse
merra	(merra)				topic, phenomenon [c]
merukos	merok			mierok	brain [*]
Mesa	Mesa				Meša (Axunemi god) [Axunašin]
mesmeres					substitute
mesmos	mem self	meşme	mêsûm	miezmo	the same thing or person; the aforementioned
mestis	mesti	mešti	mêshti	miesťi	field [*]
mesura	misura	mezŕe	mezur	mesuira	silence
metis	meči				unit of measurement used in surveying [Arániceri]
metuis	metuy a coin	meşu	mechî	mietoi	half
metulerias	(metuleria)				analysis [c]
mettan	metan	metn	mêta	mieta	put / (remote mess-)
Meťaiu	Metayu				the ancient kingdom of Meťaiu [from a southern Meť. language]
meťis	meďi	mesi	medhi	mieťi	job, task [*]
meuil					squid [Meť. mewil]
mico	mico	mige	mik	mioco	mold (fungus)
midra	mira	midre	midor	miodra	mother [*]
Middreis	Midei		Midrê	midriei innate gifts	one of the Fates; determines birth [‘mother-giver’]
miďen	miďen	mizn		mioďa	celebrate / cause to celebrate
miďile	miďë			miďiola	celebration
miera		mire	mier	myera	fire
mieril	mëril			myeril	fiery; bold, energetic
Mieranac	Mëranac	Miranec	Mirana	Myierauc	God of Fire
mihia					ruler, straightedge
mihires	miyire natural	mir(ił)	miirê		straight; correct, proper
mihireta					manners, courtesy
mihis	miy	mi not	mi(ek)	mioi	a small spoon (cp. culgo)
mil	mil	mił	mel	miol	thousand
milaso	myaso	milaze	milaz	mlaoso	meat
milgis	mily				unit of one thousand men
milgueses	milyöse				military, army (colloq.)
milzonnura					millennium [‘thousand years’]
minga	min-	mîge	mink	mionga	mat
mingile	minë	mîjile	minhel		paper
mingonda	minyón cute				large mat
mingu	mügu			miongo	abyss
mirtile	mirtë	mirtile	mirtel	mirtiola	blueberry
miscu	miš(ek)	mişci	mishk	mioswo	sack, large bag; scrotum
mitatir	mittir			miotir	urinate / start to urinate
mitis	mičy	mişi	miti	mioti	urine
miura	(miura)				stupefaction, bedazzlement [*]
moeliles	molë				alto (singing part) [c]
Moȟnaru	muhnaru				Monkhayu [cf. Meť. Monȟado ‘the (great) people’]
molenia	molnia	moleni	molenhi	mlenoya	lightning
molenir	moln			moilir	to rain with lightning /
molga	molya	moʐe	molh	mougla	moth
molles	mole	mole	môlê	moula	soft [*]
monnan	(munénë)	môndn	môna		work / hire
monnile	munëi	mônile		moniola	work
monninsen	muniz-	mônîsn			word long and hard /
monnis	mony salient	môni	môni	moini productive	hard-working
mora	mora	mŕe	mor	moura	delay
moreia	morea	mŕeʐe	morech	morieȟa	tuna [Meť.]
morgarda	(morgarda)				death spasm, death agony
morges	(morge)	mŕje	môrgê		deathly
moruť	morut	mŕis	moruth	mouroť	carrot
motinec	močinec			motionac	use a hoe /
motinus		moşini	motinu	moitin	hoe
motos	mot	mode	mot	mouto	sheep [*]
motrir	močir	motŕ	môtri	moitlir	rot [related to mur ‘ripe’]
mudraile	mudraë		mudrel		wisdom
mudrais	mudray	mudra	mudrâ		wise
mueca	möca	myşe		muieca	sparrow
muel	möl	muł	mêl	moal	blunt, dull
mueril					customary, ordinary
mueros	mör		mer	muiro	custom, way
muȟ	mu	mih	mukh	muiȟ	you (plural) [*]
muio	mužo				roar
mulgo	muyo	muʐe	mulh	moaglo	danger, peril
mundes		mûde	mundê	muinda	yours (plural possessive adjective)
muneos					public life; the rēs publica
munenges	munénë worldly				public-spirited, involved in or suited for public life
muneises	munese				civic, relating to public life
Munȟas	(Munkeaš)	Mûhe	Munkha		Munkhâsh
mur	mur	mŕ	mu	muir	ripe
murand	muán				middling, disappointing
murebues			mirebel		dealing with adventure; fantastic, epic
murina	murna	mŕine	mirin	muirin	boat
musa	mus(ca)				any flying insect [*]
musces	muše	muçe	mushkê	muiswa	many [*]
mustole			mushtol		feldspar [c]
mutec	mutec, mučir*			muitac	be lent / borrow
muteio	muteo			mutieyo	loan
nactan		naçtn	nashta		rule, reign; govern / begin to rule
nactel	načal				realm; government, administration
nacitan	nasitan	naçidn	nachita	nasiota	carry / load; pick up [‘go by foot’?] nacitaum moveable
nacitura	nasčura			nasituira	burden, cargo
nacuis	nacuy	nagu	nakî		manhood
naga	naga	nage	nak	naoga	foot [*]
naganda	nagana				river delta [‘footlands’]
nagensa	nažeza	najêse	nachênz chair (of f.)		couch
nahis	(Nau)nai			naoi	moon [*]
namaeran	nameran				intend / propose
nan	nan	nen	na	nau	north
Nansuuelos	Nasuael		Nasua		Nasuael swamp [loan-translation from Cuêzi]
nappa	napa	nape	nap	naoppa	dirt, dregs, encrusted stuff, sediment
narange	narnë	nŕâje	noranh	naraonza	orange [Rafsani ŋaraŋ]
naure	-náe	nŕe	(nor)	nawe	place [*]
nauronda	naroda the masses	nŕôde	naorônd	narounda	world; population, populace [‘place’ + augm.]
ne	ne				22nd letter of the alphabet, N (N)
nebri	nev	nuri	nhêbor	niebri	nine [*]
nebris		nŕti	nhêbri		ninth
neca	meca	neşe	nhek	nieca	daughter [*]
Necťeruon	Nečeron	Necŕyn	Nhêktherî	Nesťiero	god of craft [neg- + ťel + -rion ‘lord of the devising of crafts’]
nege		neje			craft, art [*]
negines	nežne	nejine	nhechinê		delicate, finely worked
negres					relating to craftwork
neicte	neyže	neçte	nhêsht	nieisťe	snow [*]
nen	nesan	nezn	nhê		be born / bear (irr.) [*]
neneresau	(neneresau)				rhyme [c nēgeresau]
nengeca	(nengeca)	nêjeşe	nhenhek		sameness
nenges	nenë		nhenhê		same [*]
nepa	nepa		nhep	niepa	granddaughter
nepo	nepo	nebe	nhep	niepo	grandson [*]
nerdect		nŕdeç	nhêdêsht		ninety
neronos	neron	nŕone	nheron		guild [Cuêzi neron ‘equipment, tools used by a craft’]
nesises	nesë			nesiosa of Sarroc	native, native-born
nessos	nes	nese	nhês	nieso	birth
netuan	nečan	neşn	nhecha		enchant / cast a spell on
nezis	nezi	nezi	nhezi	niezi	island
nibunies	nib- any				an intensifer of ‘someone’: Nibunies ctanemet, someone or other will come [nies bunies, lit. ‘someone, not someone’]
nictensa	nižeza		nishtênz	nisťiensa	chimney
nictos	niž	niçte	nisht	niocťo	smoke [*]
nidos	nid	niʐe	nid	niodo	nest
nier	(nëron)	nŕ	nhêr		holy [*]
nierima	niëma				shrine, modest place maintained to please a god
nies	në(cto)	ni	nhê	nioi	someone
nigengis	nižny			nizienzi	helpless, docile
niktos	nikto	nite	nikt	nioȟto	no one [nis negative+ kettos ‘what’]
nikeda	nikagdá	nigeʐe		nikieda	never [nis + keda ‘when’]
nikuda	nikudá	niguʐe		nikuida	nowhere [cf. psuda ‘everywhere’]
nimec	nimec dare			niomac	plan (used with verbs) /
ninsos	nüs	nîse	ninz	nionso	nut [*]
nintos	nüt	nîte	nint	niondo	foam; whitecap
niruises	(nrüsk foolish)				over-elaborated, contrived, mechanical
nirus	niru	niri	niru	nioro	machinery, contraption
nis	ni			ni	negative particle
nisios	niš	nizy	nizi	niosyo	nothing [nis negative + nominalizer -osios]
nisse	nise				gnome
niulen	nülen curl	nyln		nyuila	be wrapped, wrap (intr.) / wrap (tr.)
niuman	nüman			nyuima	dread, fear / awe, cause dread
niumis	nümin		nhîmi	nyuimi	dread, awe (n.) [*]
nivus	nivo			niovo	level, plane
nizander	nizener revenge				abase, cast down / [c]
nizases	nizze				bass [c]
nmurťanis	múrtany	nŕsani	murthani		murtány, ‘dark elcar’ [Elkarîl]
noctu	(nočy)	noçti	nôch	noucťo	night [*]
noctubren	nožuven stay				spend the night, stay over
nodatir					tie, knot /
nodu	nozu	noʐi	mod	noudo	knot
noer	noyer drown	noŕ	noê	nouer	rain / begin to rain (remote nos-) [*]
nogatir	nogačir				charge interest
nogen	nožen	nojn	nochê	nouza	press, squeeze / begin to squeeze, cause to squeeze
noinser		noîsn			rain long and hard /
nomen	nomen		nomê		be named / name, call
nomos	nom	nome	nom	noumo	name; noun [*]
nosera	nora	noŕʐe	nozor	noiser	daughter-in-law [‘marrier’]
nosos	nos	noze	noz	nouso	wedding [*]
notan	(nuotan)	nodn	nota	nouta	swim /
noťonis	noďony	nosoni	nodhoni	noťoini	salmon [Meť. noťoni]
nou	(aknó window)	no	no		rain
noumeliat	nomelĭ	nomelu	noimelhê		weather (f. pl.) [‘rain-ways’]
Nounahis	Naunai				the moon and goddess Naunai [‘rain-moon’]
nubra	nuva	nure	nubor	nuibra	bed
nucis	nusy				wedge
nucondis	nuconi				ramp [augm. of ‘wedge’]
nuelen	nölne			nuyela	lily
numos	num	nume	num	noamo	direction; purpose, intent cum numan mactanaa cutec with the purpose of attacking the city
nunc	nun	nûc	nunk		now
nuncres	(nuncre)				current, actual; condition, case, state; (grammar) dynamic tense
nuricta	nurža food			nuicťa supply	provisions [nuric ‘nourishing’ + collective -ta]
nurir	nurir	nŕŕ	niri	nuirir	nourish, nurture, raise, grow / raise, rear (completed action) (remote nors-) [*]
nuscos	nuš	nuşce	nushk	noaswo	frost
nusian					be determined, be set on / make up one’s mind to do
nusises	nusse	nyze			determined
nutria	nuča	nytri	nutri	nuitlya	seal, otter
o	o				5th letter of the alphabet, o (o)
oba					tusk
obela	(obika)		obeli	biela	cloud
obelnes				bielna	cloudy
obelis	obly	oveli		oibel	wild boar
oblitan	ublian	oblidn	ôblita	obliota	forget / cause to forget
obrenel	ovnel				judgment
obrenir		orenŕ	ôbreni		judge (an accused person): sit in judgment on / make a judgment
odia	ozë	oʐi	odi	dioa	so, then (conj.)
oďis	oďi clitoris	ozi	odhi	oďi	knob
oforis	ofóry	ovŕi	ovori	foiri	fertile [related to forius ‘dung’]
ogira	ožra	ojire	ochir	oizir	wing
ogondir	ogudir	ogôʐŕ		goindir	roast, broil (intr/trans)
ogonos	ogon	ogone	ogon	ougon	flame [c]
ohel	orel	oł	oêl		ear
ohir	oir		oi		listen / attend to, begin listening (irr.) [*]
oȟ	oř	oh	ôkh	ouȟ	gold [*]
oimorec	(oimorec)				excrete, expel [c]
oisireica	osiresa				spirituality, enlightenment [c]
Olascu	Olašu	Olaşci	Olashk	Laoswo	god of beginnings
oligu	oligu	oligi	olik	liogo	group
olocan	ocan	oloşn	oloka	louca	become / olocec dynamic tense
olontan	olotan	olôtn regret			feel
olontile	olotë				emotion
olonťes	olute			lounťa	fair (just)
olvos	olf	ułve	ôlf	oulvo	nose [*]
omrelis	ombrili	ôreli	ômreli	ombieli	navel
on	u	ô			among, at the house of, in the place of
onaldec	onaudec				adopt [‘take into one’s house’]
oncanda	ucana				range (for herds)
onco	uco	ôce	ônk	ounco	herd [*]
oncois		ôko	ônkorî		herdsman, shepherd (n.)
oncoia		ôkoʐe			shepherdess
ondan	(onäm)				issue, furnish [‘give among’]
onella	onela		onêl	niela	hot springs, baths
onoter	uter			ounter	purify, refine (e.g. metals) [c ōinote]
ontero	utro	ôtŕe	ôntor	oinder	morning
opones					rich, wealthy
opos	op(on)	obe	op		wealth, riches [*] opos tekec real estate opos nacitaum moveable goods
opser		opŕ	oshpê		trick, trap, ensnare /
opsel	opfë				victim
or			ur		true ora truly
orais	oray	ŕa	orâ		obligation
oranda		ŕâde			(Northern dialect) eighteen [Meťaiun oranda neȟad ‘the whole man’ (Almeans have 8 toes)]
orare	orale	(orare)	oror	raora	color, coloration; natural color (cf. fuca)
orcliťec					bear witness, attest [‘speak truth’]
oreista	oresta			rieisťa	truth [nom. of an earlier intensive oreises ‘most true’]
orguel	orgöl		ôrgêl	orgiel	proud
oribran	orivan			riobra	turn (intr/trans) [‘move round’]
oris		ŕi	ori		round
oronde					diameter of a circle [c]
Oronteion	Oruseon	Ŕôteʐn	Orizechu	Orondieyo	god of Wisdom [‘lord of great truth’]
oscais	ošai	oşa	ôshkâ		haven
osinda	osina				swallow (bird); slang for the ueronos award
pagos	pag			paogo countryside	rural district
pahor	par	paŕ	pao	pawor	four [*]
paiȟ	pak	pah	pâkh	paiȟ	neighbor; neighboring, touching paiȟa in the vicinity, nearby
paiȟreica					alertness, readiness
paiȟres					alert, ready for action [‘near (to act)’]
paios	paž				fish (as meat)
paitre	pače		pâtor	paitle	a type of fish
palaznos	palán broom	plazne	palazên	plaosno	gorse [Meť.]
pallen	paluen* fondle				be friends, be close / befriend, curry favor with
palles	(OV pale)		palê		friendly, well-disposed
palto	pauto	pałte	pôt	paotlo	coat
pandect		pâdeç	pandêsht		fifty
pantes	pane	pâte	pantê	paonda	fifth
panť	pan	pâs	panth	panť	five [*]
parena	parna	pŕene	par	paoren	mountain [*]
Parenaȟunos	Barahin		Barakhun		(late) the mountain lands
parile	parë	pŕile	porel	pariola	bet
parir	(parëir)	pŕŕ	pori		bet (make bets / make a bet)
parves	pav	pŕve minor	parvê		small
paťeta	pattea				calamine (zinc carbonate) [Meť.]
pauriu					flaid [c]
pava		pave	paf	paova	cart
pavonda	pavona	pavôde	pavônd		wagon
pe	pe				7th letter of the alphabet, P (P)
pegeio	(pegeo)				throw
pegir	fežir hurl	pejŕ		piezir	throw / [*]
peida	peda			pieda	a type of vine whose flowers yield a bitter oil, used in flavoring beer [Meť.]
peilaica	feyasa	pelaşe	pelâk sentiment		pity, charity, mercy
peilen	feyen				pity / help, show mercy
peilel	feyel				alms
pelantos	(pelánt); felát sailing	pelâte	pelant	plaondo coin	a sailing ship; a small Caďinorian silver coin depicting one; typically the price of a loaf of bread, so by extension, one’s daily pittance, a trifle, not enough (or only enough for a saint) to keep body and soul together
pelantir	platir pay				purchase; give coins to / be expensive
pelasner	flaner smell				flair the nostrils /
pelasis		pelazi	pelazi		nostril (n.)
pelegan	flegan nurse			pliega	care for, take care of / entrust to, enjoin to take care of
pelbro	pelvo	pełbre	pûbor	piebro	bowl
pelec	felec			piela	sail
pella	pela	pele	pêl	pielo	shovel
pellan		peln	pêla		resemble / come to resemble
pellesmes		peleşme	pêlêhmê		similar, resembling, like (to: + dat.)
pelos	fel		pel		sail
penir	fanir	penŕ		pienir keep	store, keep / store, put away
pengen	penyen			pienza	comb (v.) /
pengis	peny			pienzi	comb (n.)
penser	pezer	pêsŕ	pênzê		weigh; consider (one’s choices) /
pentan	pëtan play (music)	pêtn		pienda	sing / cause to sing [*]
pentec	(pentec)				vowel [‘singing’, calque on Cuêzi epâti]
peos	pé	pe	pû	pieȟo	peace [*]
Perabron	Peravon				a god of Araunicoros
pericta	pëža	pŕçte	pêrsht	piericťa	pigeon; funeral entourage [peric ‘mourner’ + collective -ta; the birds are named from their walking, flocking behavior]
perica	ferica funeral			perioca	mourning; funeral
perir	(pyerir regret)				mourn, grieve / begin mourning [*]
pericer					threaten, menace / begin to threaten [‘make to fear’, from an earlier meaning of perir]
perises	pëse sad				mournful
persil	fësil	pŕsił	pêrsel	piersil	parsley
peruca		pŕuşe but			rather, instead [adverbial from ‘first’]
perues	pere	pŕu	perê	pieroe	first [*]
peruner					excel, exceed, be first / come to excel, become first [verbalization of perues] perunec (gram.) superlative
pettos	(petúk)	pete	pêt		cock (or any male bird) [*]
peťen					be divided / divide
peťuera	fetöra	pesŕe	pedher	peťuira	province [‘division’]
pevir	fevir			pievir	carve /
piccas	pica				scorpion [Naviu pikkaiz ‘stinger’]
picer	piser			piosar	fold /
pidor	piro	piʐŕ		piodor	father [*]
pidrarȟ	perař			piodraȟ	patriarch
piedronappa	përnápa				saltpetre [‘rock crust’]
piedros	për	pidre	piêdor	pyiedro	rock [*]
pietros	pëč			pyietlo	stove
Pifael	Fifel			Piofail	god of sexual love
pifatir	fifačir				attend, serve, fuss over / [from pifir] pifatic attendant
pifir	fifir		pivi	piofir	flutter / begin fluttering
pigreica	pigresa	pigreşe			laziness
pigres	pigre	pigre	pigrê	piogra	lazy
pilea	piya	pilea moment		piola	blink
pillatir	pilačir	piʐaşŕ	pilati	pilaotir	blink / shock, surprise
pillis	pili	piʐi	pili	pioli	eyelash
pinda	penda			pionda	stern (of ship) [Meť. pindi ‘tail, stern’]
pinna	püna	pîne	pin	piona	fin
pinsa	piza	pîse	pinz(ek)		pixie, icëlan
piran	firan	pirn	pira	piora	ferment (intr/trans)
pitteio	pityo				drink, drinking
pittir	pitir	pitŕ	piti	piotir	drink [*]
plasis	plasy			plaosi	nerve
plavec	plavec			plaovac	melt (intr/trans)
plenes	plene full			pliena dense	crowded
pleran	pleran	plŕn	plera	pliera	please /
plesten	plesčen*			pliesťa	spin (cloth, intr.) / spin (tr.); tell (a story)
plestile	plesčë				spindle
plestura	plesčura	pleştŕe	plêchur		history
plican	plican			plioca	imitate, copy /
plindudo					embroidery [Ax. palindudo]
plohes	plóue bashful				shy, retiring, unused to speaking
plombos	plom	plôbe	plômp	ploumbo	lead (the metal)
pluhir	pluyir		plii	pluiyir	shower, drizzle
pol	pol	pł	pôl	poul	floor, base [*]
polege	použe			poilez	place, position [from pol]
polita	poča	polide	polit	poulyat	ground, basis [‘bases’]
polnos	poln	pułne	pôn		skin
pomaure	pomäe	pomŕe	pomair	pomawe	story, tale
pomiores	ponyore				baritone/tenor [c]
ponos	(OV pon)	pone	pon		warrior, strong man [*]
ponres	pondre bold				manly, brave
porocan	porocan			porouca	knead /
porunte	porute	pŕûte	porunt	poruinda	marble [c]
porro	poro	pŕe	pôr	pouro	green onion, scallion
posca	poša	poşe	pôshk	pouswa	goosedown
potes	pote	pode	potê	pouta	deep [*]
potopan					hop, bounce [imitative]
potopec					rabbit
prades	prade	praʐe	pradê	pwaoda	honest, honorable
prander	prander				dine
prando	prando	prâde	prand	pwaondo	dinner
precer	preser	preşŕ ask	prechie beseech	pwiesar	ask, request (a favor), esp. of a superior (intr/tr)
precinser	presizer beg				ask repeatedly, plead
precos	prec-	prege	prek		peach
precurec	pricurec				beg / impoverish, beggar
precuriles	precu				beggar
pred	prĭ	pre	prêd	pwed	before, in front of [*]
predurer	prezuir	preʐŕŕ happen		puduirar	pass in front of, pass by
prenan	prenan	prendn	prena	pwiena	take / grab [*]
priges	(prige)	prije	prichê		vicious, wicked
prires	prile	prire	prirê	pwora	real
prironda	priroda nature	prirôde			what is real: the cosmos, creation, reality
pro	pro	pro		po	in return for
probren	proven	prorn	prôbrê	pwobra	guide, direct
procadir	(procadir)				order (on another’s behalf or authority), requisition [‘order for’]
procior	prosür	proşŕ	prochîr	pwosyour	own (e.g. ‘his own men’); closer
procis	pros-	proçi	prochi		close, near
procliťec					speak for someone / delegate
procliťiles	procliďë				spokesman, ambassador, oracle
profuras	(profura)				pretext [‘case for (doing it)’]
prokan	(proklir curse)				croak (of frogs or old people) / begin croaking
pronsen	prozen			pwounsa	pierce (intr/trans)
prosan	prosan	prozn	proza		walk / begin walking [*]
proscaleia	prošalea		prôshkalech		rest, relaxation (n.) [‘for a breath’]
proscalean	prošalean		prôshkala		rest (v.) / take a break
proscen	(proše)				follow (in time), result, happen proscet then, next
prosila	prosia street	prozile	prozel		boulevard, avenue
prosima	proma			pwoisim	a unit of measure, two paces
prosinsan	prosizan				promenade; journey
proskadec	proskadec recompense				pay / punish (make to pay) [‘pay for’]
prucion	pruso innkeeper	pryçyn			manager of a prucis
prucis	prusi inn	pryçi		pwisi outpost	waystation maintained for travelers
pseran	(pseran)	pŕn	shpera		watch, observe, pay attention / notice
pserinsan	serizan stare				watch long and carefully /
psetec	fsetec fart	pedec	shpetê	sietac	burst; break wind
psies	fsë			sioi	everything
psiat	fsya	pi	shpiê	sioat	everyone
psiekeda	fsëgdá				always
psis	fsiy	(pesi)	shpi		false, fake
psorer	fsorer date				attend, serve / offer service to
psuda	fsuda	puʐe		suida	everywhere [cf. nikuda ‘nowhere’]
psur	fsur	pŕ	shpu	suir	hunger
psuronda	fsurona			surounda	famine
ptalan	(ftalók) ceiling	taln			cover (intr/trans)
ptaleio	(ptaleio)		talech		covering
ptedect	dvadec	teʐeç	tedêsht	twiedecť	twenty
ptena	ftena	tene	ten	twiena	plan
ptocondos	ftacon			tucoundo	large building block; one of the seven elements
ptocos		(toce)	tok		building stone
ptores	ftore	tŕe	torê	twoura	second [*]
ptugir	ftužir				jab, shove
pugan		pugn	puga		end / finish, complete (remote pog-)
pugeio	(pugeei)				ending, termination
puhan	puyan	pun	pua	puiwa	push / (remote poh-) [*]
puȟis	(puřo)	pygi	pikhi		weak (with hunger or exertion) puȟoe weakly; tiring
pula	(pilke)	pule	pul		ball
puliorta	puyota			pulyourta	carnation [‘ball flower’]
pulmonos	pulmon	pułmone	pumon	poalmon	lung
punsa	puza			puinsa	bubble; a bulge in a wall or other defect; flaw
pur	(prak)	pŕ(şe)	pu	puir	dust
puril	puil				dusty
pusa	pusa	puze	puz	puisa	flea [*]
puscos	puš			poaswo	puff (of smoke or air)
puto	puto	pide	put	poato	well (for water)
puťies	piďë	pyş	pidhiê	puiťya	little [*]
puťicer	piďiser			puiťisr	shrink (intr/tr)
ra	ra				17th letter of the alphabet, K (K)
rabrir	ravir				delight (intr/trans)
racnis	riasni	raçni	rakni	raonsi	thigh [*]
radir	razir	raʐŕ	radi	raodir	shave
radum	razum	razî	radu	raodom	mind
radumres	razumbre			raduimba	intelligent
raeďos	reď waiter	reze official	râdh	raiďo	servant
raeďris					of or pertaining to servants
raiȟ	rak	rah	râkh scorpion	raiȟ	crab [Meť.]
rais	ray	ra	râ		shelf; plank
ragenir	raženir		racheni probe	razienir flare up	strive, struggle / pick a fight
rampan	rappan			raompa	crawl / begin to crawl
randa	rana	râde	rand	raonda	frog [*]
ras					(leaning) against, touching; (with ablative) away from
rascir	rašir have sex	raşř have sex	rashki house		entertain, have over / invite, greet
raslainan	ralenan		raslâna entertain		be amused / divert, amuse [‘away from suffering’]
raslainile	ralinë				diversion, amusement
raspolege	rasfolže affection				inclination; preference, favor [‘away from its position’]
raťis	raďi	rasi	radhi	raoťi	punt, flatboat
raulan	rälan	ruln	raola	rawla	cook / have (food) prepared
raulantos	rälát			raulaondo	cookery
raumen	rän			rawme	rank, title
ravos	raf just	rave	raf	raovo	justice [*]
redel	redel redel	reʐ- redel	redêl redel	riedal menstruation	instruction, esp. that given to girls at puberty
redir			redi conduct a redel		/ instruct (in details of a religion or a craft)
remir	remir	remŕ	remi	riemir	row / begin rowing
remora	remora			remoura	bank of oars in an oared ship; thus, anremora, pteremora, tmeremora, ships of increasing size
remos	rem	reme	rem	riemo	oar
renes	(on)	rene	renê		again
reniles	(dernë)				repeatedly, exhaustively
renemec	renemec			reniemac	repeat, say again /
rencaen	rëcen	rêşn	renkâ	riencai	meet / introduce [originally, ‘(do) again’]
renlaudan		rêluʐn	rênlaoda		return, go back / [‘again-go’]
renleilen		rêleln date	rênlelê		see again /
res					crops (m.)
rescullir	recolir	reşcylŕ	rêshkuli	reswulir	harvest
reslir	relir	reslŕ	rêsli	rieslir	sow
reť	ret	res	rêth	rieť	far
reťunden	reďunen				extend into the distance / make distant
ricomurga	ricora				soapstone [c]
ridibues			ridibê		comic [c]
ridir	rizir, rizuir* amuse	riʐŕ	ridi	riodir	smile / make to smile [*]
ridrir	ridir	ridŕ	ridri	riorir	laugh / begin laughing; make to laugh
ries	rës	ri	riê		costly, expensive
riȟan	rihan	rign	rikha	rioȟa	look at / begin looking at, glance at [*]
riȟȟa					subject, theme [c]
riȟile	rihë	rigile	rikhel		a sight; something seen
riȟinsan		rigîsn stare			look long and fixedly at /
riȟis	-ric				supreme, dominant, masterful; master of (n.) riȟis mactanae master of the city
rimide	rinde	rimiʐe	rimid	riomid	emerald [c]
risos	ris	rize	riz	rioso	grain, seed [*]
risunda					drawing, picture [c]
risunden	risunen	rizûdn	rizundê	risuinda	draw [c]
riotos	ryot	ryde	rot	ryouto	ice [*]
rocca	rocá	roşe	rôshk fiction		epic [c]
rocias	(rocia)				plot [c]
roccura	rocura				adventure
rogis	rožy	roji	rochi	roizi twisted	mad, crazy
rogos	rog	roge	rok	rougo	horn (of animal) [*]
roheica					a spinning or twisting; rotation
rohir	royir	roŕ	roi	roiyir	spin, twist; rotate (intr/trans)
romobues					tragic [c]
robos	rof				ditch, channel
ruda	ruda ore	ruʐe	rud ore	ruida stock	raw materials (for building, smelting, etc.)
ruema	röma	rume		riema	count [*]
ruemen			remê		count
rugites	ruže	ryjide	rishtê	ruizya	red [*]
ruȟ	ruk	rih	rukh	ruiȟ	speed
ruȟinser	ruizer trot				speed up /
ruȟris	ruřy	ryhri	rurhi	ruiȟi	fast
rura	rura	ŕ(hune)	rur		country (vs. city)
ruťer	roďer	rusŕ	ridhê	ruiťar	excuse / pardon, forgive
saea	(OV sea)	sea	sâ	saia	woman
sablis	sably	sabli	sabli	saobli	sand
sabos	—		sap		tallow
sabund	sabun	savn	sabund	saobon	soap
sacna	sasna	saçne	sakên	saonca	pine [*]
sacte					after (in time) [sas + icte] sacta afterwards, later
sactises	sažise				subsequent, successive
sadas	—		sada		source, origin
sadres	sade		sadre		original, genuine
sadu	—	saʐu	sad	saodo	prince— strictly speaking the crown prince; in later usage, any of the children of the emperor; cp. dalu [‘the genuine one’]
sadua	saza	saʐuʐe	sadê	saodoa	princess
saduile	sazë prince				your highness
sael	sel			sail	salt [*]
saeptima	seftima				partition, divider
saeptos	seft	sete	sât	saitwo	fence
saiunda	sažuna				military division
saiurion	sažuro governor				military governor
sakados	sakad				almond
saleťir	salďir	salesŕ	saledhi		feel, experience / begin to feel
salgatir	salyačir			saglaotir	get dirty (intr/tr)
salges	salë	saʐe	salhê	saogla	dirty
salgosios	salyoš				dirt (esp. on body)
salter	soter		sôtê	saotlar	jump / (remote sels-) [*]
sandes	sane		sânde robust		healthy, well
sanneis	sannei		sanê		lady
sanno	sanno	sâne	san		lord
sar	sar	sŕ	sa	sar	east [*]
Sarnaure	Sarnáe		Sanor	Sarnawe	Sarnáe [‘eastland’]
sas	sas				12th letter of the alphabet, S (S)
sas	sa	saş	sa	sa	through (e.g. sas potuan ‘through the ground’)
sasbrigan	sabrigan				punch through (enemy lines) [‘fight through’]
sascurien	(sascurien)				investigate, make an inquiry / [‘deliberate through’]
satranda					autonomous city
satres	(satre)				sovereign
saťa				saoťil	tuft, bristle
saťil	saďil				bristly, tufty
saudara	sädra	suŕʐe	saodor	sawdar	sister [*]
saute	säte	sude	sait	sawte palace	hall
scadran	šadan	şadrn	shkadra	swaodra	ride / mount
Scadrorion	Šadoro				an early clan of Caďinorian lords [‘master rider’]
scagantos	šagát emptiness	şagâte vagina	shkagant vagina		emptiness; vagina
scagis	šažy		shkachi	swaozi	empty [*]
scaleia	šalea	şaleʐe	shkalech	swalieȟa	air, breath
scalean	šalean	şaln		swalieȟa	breathe / take a breath [*]
scalesmes	šaleme				intellectual, spiritual
scalte	šaute	şałte	shkôtê	swaotla	skin, hide
scamea	šama	şamea	shkame	swaomea	bench, stool
scangir	šaynir			swaonzir	seem / begin to seem
scanȟ	šank	šâh	shkankh	swauȟ	ham
scanna	šana	şâne	shkan barony		district
scantan	šantan sing				wail / begin wailing
scatabis	šatabi	şadavi	shkatabi		friendship
scebra	ševa	çure	shkêbor	swiebra	ankle
scebrensa	ševeza				stocking, slipper
scehira	šeíra	şeŕe	shkeir		palace
scehis	ši	çei	shkê	swiei	every [*]
sceia	šeya	çeʐe	shkech		neck [*]
sceiubren	šežuven		shkechubrê		strangle [‘neck’ + -uven]
scenge	(enšeyne)	çêje	shkenh		fowl [*]
scenan	šenan relax			swiena	recline, lie / lie down
scereves	šerë	şŕeve	shkref	swerieva	beer
scerno	šëno	şŕne	shker	swierno	hinge, axis
scesan	šesan			swiesa	cause, correlate with / cause, make something happen
sceseio	šeseo				cause, causation, reason
sceveis	ševei		shkevê	sweviei	hair (singular)
scila	(scila)	çile	shkel		shrub
scirion	širo lieutenant	çiryn lieutenant			assistant, aide
scisan	šišan	çizn	shkiza	swosa	/ shoot (arrows)
scohu	šou	eşkoi	shkoh	swouw	cabbage
scoȟos	šoh		shkokh		governor
scolec					be healthy / recover
scoli		eşkoli	shkol		how much
scolicer	šoliser	eşkolişŕ	shkolichê		cost / set the price of
scoln	šön handsome			swoul	healthy, robust, in the prime of life [from scolec]
scorres		eşcŕe	shkôrê	swoura	dark
scoru	šoru	eşcŕi	shkor	swouro	darkness [*]
scosos	šoz	eşkoze	shkoz	swouso	thing
scrais	šray	eşcra	shkrâ	swai	secret scrauit zennit code scrauit logit cipher
scrifec	šrifec	eşcrivev	shkrivê	swofac	know (savoir) / learn (irr.)
scrifta	šrifta	eşcrifte		swofta	knowledge [‘all that is known’]
scruma	šruma	eşcrume	shkrum	swuima	pitch, tar
sculga	šulya	eşkuʐe	shkulh	swuigla	noodle
scupises	šupse			swuipis	miserly, avaricious
scupo	šupo	eşkube	shkup	swoapo	miser
scureida	šueza	eşcŕeʐe	shkired	surieda	afternoon
Scustanda	Šustana		Shkushtand	susťaonda doom	the Fate charged with determining death
scustebran	(scustebran)				die, be killed / kill, murder; mortify
scustes		eşkuşte	shkushtê	swuisťa	dead [*]
scustile	šušče				death
scuten	šuten			swuita	eat like an animal / feed (animals)
scutua	šuča	eşkuşe	shkuchu	swotoa	pig [*]
secať	(šatem)	seşes	sekath	siecaȟ	hundred [*]
secaťora	scaďora	seşaşŕe	sekadhor	scaťoura	century [‘100-collection’]
sedir	sezir			siedir bleed	gush, spout / begin to gush
seglis	segly	segli	sêgli	siegli	rye
seler					shine (of the sun; archaic) [*]
seleta	selta	selede	selet candle	sielet	light [seler + -ta: ‘all what shines’]
seletabren	seltaven			sletaobra	illuminate (e.g. by holding a torch) / light up
senge	(senge)		senh peasantry		flock
seo	se		sû	sieo	I [*]
seoris		(zi)sŕi	sûri		(f) octopus [c, from Meť.]
Seraea	Serea	Sŕea	Serâ	Seraia	Serea river
seresio	serešo			seriesyo	stirrup [c sêresiu]
servo	sëvo			siervo doll	puppet
sesieica	sešesa				dryness; drought
sesies	seše	sezi	seziê	siesya	dry
setecloros	sežlór	seclŕe	setêklor	seclouro	insect [c]
seťa	seta	sese	sedh	sieťa	silk [Meť.]
seťaio					story, tale
sibelir	siblir	sivelŕ	sibeli	siobelir	whistle / miss, fail to attain
sicos	sic				willow [*]
sicto	sižo	siçte	sisht	siocťo	forge, smithy
sidantos	sidát		sidant	sidaondo	thirst
sider	—	siʐŕ	sidê		offer / make an offer
sidis	sizy	siʐi	sidi	siodi	thirsty [*]
siďris	siďďi	sizri	sidhri	sioďri	serpent, snake
sielis	šeli	sili	sili		grace (of movement)
siipomos	šipom			syopom	merman [c]
silirec	siirec			sliorac	roll (intr/trans); later, to tend, come to be [*]
silireica					tendency
silirus	siiru	siliri	siliru	slioro	wheel
silva	silva	siłve	silf	siolva	forest
simires	smire	simire poor	simirê rabble	simiora	humble, poor
simola	sima	simole	simol	siomol	resin
sinera	süra	sinŕe	sinor	sioner	mother-in-law [*]
siobostos	šobost			syobousťo	brine, saltwater; the sea [Meť. siobosto]
siome	šomë	syme	sîm	syouma	fur
sioppa	šapa	sype	sîp	syouppa	hat
siuro	süro	sŕe	sîr	suioro	cheese
siter	(siča)	sidŕ			immediate sitra immediately, at once, right now
siuisir					chirp, twitter / [imitative]
skadec	skazir*				pay / punish (make to pay)
skalla	skala		shkal		hut
skuť					spit
skuťir					spit [imitative]
slivos	(slifi cream)	slive	slif		egg white, semen, or any thick or viscous liquid
slivura	slivura				ointment, paste
snucan	snucan serve	snuşn	snuka	snuica be a slave	obey / order about
soclima	socima			soclioma	thorn
soclir		soclŕ	sôkli		prick, stab (durative/inceptive) [*]
soclensir	soclezir				torture [‘stab repeatedly’]
soh	so the				said, previously mentioned
sohan					mention, refer to /
Sokagond	Škagon				(Also Sokaigond) Škagon, the archdemon [c Soxāeco + augmentative]
sokuol	sokol	soguł	sokôl	soukol	hawk, falcon [K]
solucoles	socole rogue				perverse, criminal
son	son	sen	su	so	dream
sonan	sonan	sondn	sona	souna	dream
sonco	suco	sôce	sônk	sounco	juice, broth, soup
sonsandos	suzán				culture, mores [‘great basis’]
sonsos	sus	sôse	sônz	sounso	earth, ground, soil [*]
spaȟe	sfahe		shpakh statement	swaoȟa	speech
spaȟen	sfahen	eşpagn	shpakhê	swaoȟa	speak
spais	sfay	eşpa	shpâ	swai	duty
spasian	(spasian)	eşpazn	shpazia		rescue /
spelunca	sfeluca	eşpelûşe	shpelunk	sweluinca	cavern
spens	sfëz	eşpî	shpên	swen	fresh
speros	sfer	eşpŕe brute	shper	swiero	wild beast
speica	sfesa			swieca	bundle
Spetela	Svetla	Eşpedele	Shpetel	Swietel	Svetla river
speto	sfeto	eşpede		swieto	spice
spetris	sfečy	eşpetri		swietli	spicy
spica	sfica	eşpişe	shpik	swoca	nail
spurir	(spurir)	eşpŕŕ	shpiri		be subject to / surrender, give oneself up
stannos	stan		shtan	sťauno	tin
stassa	stas				cedar [*]
staubros	stäv	eşture	shtaobor	sťawbro	straw
stavos	staf				ash (tree) [*]
sterer	sterer	eştŕŕ	shterê	sťierar	tend, watch over / set (someone) to watch (remote sters-)
strana	strana	eştrane	shtran	tsauna	coast, beach
strelima	strelima				dart, small arrow
strelis	streli	eştreli	shtreli	tsieli	arrow
strelorion	streloro				‘master of arrows’— originally a military outfitter, later a fletcher/bowyer in general
stupen	stupen rape				oppress / despoil
sturas	stura				spinach [Munkhâshi tsuraj]
suber	suf	suvŕ	sibê	suibar	cork [Meť.]
subran	suvan		subra	suibra	follow; result / follow after, chase; cause (remote sobr-)
subreia	suvea				following, result
subrel	(subrel)				consequence, result
subrinsan					stalk (prey) / [‘follow intensively’]
sucursus	scorso	sugŕsi	sukursu	sucoarso	branch
sudir	suzir	syʐŕ	sidi	suidir	sweat / begin to sweat; press hard, make someone sweat
sudos	sud	suʐe	sud	soado	sweat
sudrel	sudiel				judgement, decision
sudresmes					decisive
sudrir	sudir		sudri decide		judge (adjudicate between disputants) / decide
sudrion					judge (in a sudros)
sudros	sud	sudre	sudor throne room		court of law
suecos	söc				wasp [*]
suertos	sör	sŕte	sêrt	sierto	fate, chance
suesdect		suşdeç	sêdêsht		sixty
suest	sués	sus	sêsht	sieȟ	six [*]
suestes	suese	suşte	sêshtê	siesťa	sixth
suher	sur	sŕ	sî	suiar	on
suherhie	suerë				eyelid [‘on eye’]
suis	suy	su	sî	sui	none
sul	sul	sił	sul	suil	alone sula alone (adv.), only
suleia	suléa	suleʐe	silech	slieȟa	youth
sules		sule	silê		young [*]
sulorion	suloro monk				hermit [‘master of solitude’]
sulres	surre	sułre	surrê		solitary
sumerir	smer-	sumŕŕ	simeri		study / teach [c]
suris	suri	sŕi	siri	suiri	mouse
sutanda	sutana	sudâde	sutand		robe (male or female)
sutec			sitê		adorn, ornament (intr/trans)
sutella	sutela				elm [Meť. sytela]
taebros	teb			taibro	rust
taeca	(tekla key)	teşe	tâk		hammer
tagia	(tagia)	taji	tachi		dynasty, family
tahan	(tana certainly)				sure, certain
tailes	taye	tale	tâlê	taile	brave
takena	takna	tagene	taken	taoken	war, battle
tal	tal	tal(ô)		tail	such, so, to that extent
taleio	taleo	talêse	talech		waist [c ‘thinness’]
tambo	tabo	tâbe	tamp		lump
tandes		tâde	tandê	taonda	ours (possessive adjective)
tapren		taprn			drip [onomatopeic]
tapros	tap(ë)	tapre			drop
tar	tar	tŕ		tair	either, either one
tardes	tarde	tŕde	tardê	taorda	slow
tas	ta	te	ta	tai	we [*]
tasimurca	murca	tazimŕşe	tazmurk	tsimuirca	magnet [c]
tascos	taš	taşce	tashk	taoswo	cup
tasos	tas	taze	taz niche	taoso	bay
taubrel				tawbre	blow, strike
taubren	täven	turn	taobrê		strike, forge / have (something) forged
tauos	tau				morality, goodness [c]
tecnis	tesny	teçni	têkni	tiensi	narrow [*]
tectec	težec	teçtec	têshtê	tiesťac	lick /
teȟren	(čehen)	tehrn	têrhê		sculpt / cause to be sculpted
tefalu	(tefalu)				horn (instrument) [c]
teiȟo	teho	tege	tekh	tieȟo	trunk (of tree or man) [*]
teila	čeya	tele	tel	tiela	rib [*]
teker	teker	tegŕ	tekê	tiekar	stand; there is or are / stand up [K *tenγer]
tekresmes	teřeme	tecreşme	têrhêhmê		solid, constant
tekrura	teřua				stake, post
tel	tel	tł	têl	tiel	west
Tellar Sannoie	Telarsanië				the land of the ilii [c]
telnen	tellen	tełndn find	tûnê	tielna find	seek / locate (seek and find)
telniles	telnë fine	tełnile	tûnilê		valuable, worth looking for
ten	(toh)				15th letter of the alphabet, T (T)
tenec	tenec	tenec	tenê	tienac	have / obtain, acquire
terecos	trec				celery [imitative of crunch]
terses	tëse	tŕse	têrsê	tiersa	all
tesca	teša	teşŕe	têshk	tieswa	pile, heap
teťos	tet	tese	tedh tip	tieťo	tip; nipple [*]
tiamora	čambra	şimŕe	chamor		council
tian	(čiam)				exist, last, endure / tiaum what will endure; eternity
tibris	čivi	şyri	tibri	tiobri	pain [*]
ticitir	čisči(c)				tinkle, rattle [imitative]
ticten	(tižai)	şiçtn	tishtê		tickle /
tiedect	čedec	şiʐeç	chedêsht	tyedeť	forty
tiedectescrion	čedešro				commander [‘head of forty (men)’]
tiel	čel place	tieł	chêl		point (in space) [‘entity’, from tian]
tienna	čena		chên	tyena	meal [*]
tieťus	čeďo	şisi	chedhu	tyeťo	palm of hand [*]
tietnes	četve	şitne		tyetna	fourth [*]
tigesa	čiža	şijeze			cactus [Meť.]
tiȟan	čihan			tioȟa	sneeze [imitative]
til	čil	şił		tiol	each
tima	čima	şime	tim	tioma	pace, step
timen					(make a) step /
tindigeda	činžeda			tindzieda	anchor [Meť.]
tine	čine	şine	tin	tiona	plate, dish
tineta	čita			tionea	scales [collective of tine]
tipel	(tiplok toy horse)	şibł	tipêl	tiopal	horse [*]
tipelile					stable [‘horse’ + nominalizer]
tira	čira			tiora	crack
tirenes	čerene	şirene	tirenê canny	tiriena wise	prudent
tirond	čiron	şirn	tirônd	tioron monster	elephant
tisis	čisy	şizi	tizi	tiosi	sharp, cutting
tisres	(tisre)	şişte			witty
tistes	čiste		tishtê	tiosťa	pure
tiuma	čüma	şyme	tîm	tyuima	plague
tiumanda	čümána				plague hospital
tmedect	tvedec	têdeç	medêsht	miedeť	thirty
tmeremora	tveremora				trireme [cf. remora]
tmeres	tvere	temŕe		miera	third [*]
Tmotinaren	Tvočináe				Demóshimor [half-translation of Munkhâshi Tmôtimor ‘Demoshi home’]
tom	tom			toum	thump [onomatopeia]
tombir	tombir	tôbŕ	tômbi	toimbir	fall / drop
tompec	tompec				beat in rhythm / (once)
tonos	ton	tone	ton		rice
topos	top	tobe	top	toupo	mole [*]
tosceio	tošeo	toçeʐe abundance	tôshkech		sufficiency, satisfaction
toscen	tošen	toçn abound	tôshkê	touswa	suffice / satisfy (remote toss-) [*]
tosces	toše	toçe		touswa	enough
toscubren	tošuven				furnish, supply (ongoing) / begin to furnish; fulfill (once)
tosos	tos			touso	dew [*]
totauros	(pretäro)	todŕe	totaor		valet, male servant
totaure		todŕeʐe	totair		maid, female servant
totos	tot			touto	that one (demonstrative pronoun) [*]
toumos	tom book	toume		toumo	slot, hole
trabren	(travët crime)				go too far, exceed one’s authority (colloquial)
tracten	tražen	trajn	trachê	tyaosťa	drag / begin to drag [*]
trahir	tráir		trai die		cross (over); change sides /
trancen	tranen	trâçn	trankê	tyaonsa	cut / [*]
tras	tra		tra	tya	across, over, beyond, behind [K *traks]
trasfil	trafil	trafił			weft [‘across-thread’]
traudan	trädan		traoda	tyawda graze	pasture / drive (cattle); later Caď. graze / pasture [‘give grass’]
trava	trava	trave	traf		grass
trena	(treka)	trene	tren	tyaova	turtle
trenres	trendre				stubborn [‘turtlish’]
treplos	tref	treple	trêpêl	tyeplo	clover
tringa	činya				triangle (or other high-pitched percussion instrument)
trogan	trogan	trogn	troga	tyouga	touch (be in contact with / contact) [*]
trohen	tróuen				be located (at) / find
troia	truža	troʐe	troch	tyouya	sow
tromir	tromir	tromŕ	tromi mislead	tyoimir	fool, lead astray / trick
trons	troz	trê		tyoun	axe
trundrir	trunir			tyuindir veer off	move in an confused fashion, roil, be in tumult (intr/tr) [imitative]
tu	tu one	şi	chu	tui	he, she, or it [*]
tuana	čana	šuane	chan	twauna	pot tuanima small pot; slang for cruva
tuca	čuca	şuşe	chuk	tuca	spot, dot [*]
tucanden	čucanen			tucaonda	cause to be spotted or stained /
tucres					spotted, dotted
tuesca	češa		chêshk	tieswa	shell; testicle
tugeica	(tugeca)	(tugece)	(tugek)		stiffness, rigidity; arthritis
tugendec	čužec	şujêdec	chichêndê		starch
tugenden					stiffen (intr/tr)
tuges	čueže	şuje	chichê	tuiza	stiff, rigid
tund	čun	şin	chund	tun	oak
tuoran	čoran	şŕn	chora	tuoura	flow / cry; pour [*]
tuoranda	(toranda)	şŕâde	chorand		fountain
tuorensa	(torensa)				pipe, conduit
tuoresambas	čošava				mercury [partial translation of c tōuresambas]
tup		şip	chup		dumb, mute
tupres	čupre			tuipla	unconscious
tura	čura	şŕe	chur	tuira	pear
turan	tšuran		chura	tuira	burn (intr/trans) [*]
tureica	(časka spark)				burning
turel	čuél			turiel	calx, a powder resulting from roasting metal or ore
turis				tuiri	his, hers (possesive adj.)
turos	tšur fire			toaro	a source of fire: ember, spark [cf. turan]
tusile	čusë	şyzile	chizel	tusiola	mud
tustes	čuste	şuşte	chushtê	tuisťa	frequent
tuza	čuza	şuze	chuz	tuiza	shit
ťahis			thai	ťieba	the left hand (f.)
ťahines	(taina secret)	sane	thainê		left-handed
ťeiba	teba				bow (of ship) [Meť. ťeiba ‘head, bow’]
ťelen					devise, invent
ťeleio	teleo				invention
ťelorion	teloro instrument maker				inventor
ťen	ten				14th letter of the alphabet, Ť (Ť)
ťibec	tibec		thibê	ťiobac	hurry, rush / press, urge on
ťibil					hurriedly, in a rush
ťiȟis	tihy	sigi	thikhi	ťioȟi	quiet [*]
ťikeda				ťikieda	sometime
ťikedie	ticë	sigeʐi		ťikuida	somewhere
ťimelis	timely gentle				courtly, refined
ťisos	(tire)				a type of shellfish (Verd. bulsrava)
ťisios	što	sizy	thizi	ťiosyo	something
ťitu		sişi	thich		nonsense, foolishness
ťitures	tičure merry				foolish, silly, nonsensical
ťulis	tuli	syli	thili	ťuili	breeze [*]
ťoncan					crush, smash [imitative]
ťoncel	tusel				broken-off piece, splinter
ťontes	(tutan)				ordinary
ťuor	tor	suŕ	thur	ťuour	part
ťuornes	torne mild			ťuourna	partial
ťuťuir	tuďir				lisp [imitative]
ubrir	uvir		ubri	uibrir	open (intr/trans)
ucorbir	ocorbir	ugŕbŕ	ukôrbi	coirbir	insult, demean /
uctal	užal	uçtł	ushtal	uicťal	jar, bottle
uembos	uem		fêmp heart	wiembo	lump, ball (colloquial)
ueronos	örn	ŕone	feron	wieron	eagle; an (eagle-shaped) award [*]
ugor	(ogorek)	ugŕ	ugu		squash
uhol	uol	uł(ô)	ôl	awol	ox
uil	ül	uł	fel	uiol	old, former [*]
uleta	uleta	ulede		lieta	stair, step
uletreia	ulečea				development
uletren	ulečen				climb stairs; ascend, develop /
ulgec	ulëc	uʐec	ilhê	uiglac	brother-in-law
Ulone			Ulon		Ulōne, an aspect of Iáinos [c]
unge	unë	ûje	inh	uinza	nail, claw [*]
ungenaga	unyaga				hoof [‘nail-foot’]
unses	(uzina)	ûse	unzê		sweet; cloying
uora	(oraž)		for		storm
uosa	os(ka)				louse [*]
uradus	uazo	ŕaʐi	uradu	raodo	bird [*]
urauna	oräna	ŕune	uraon	Urawna	the heavens [related to uris]
ureica	uesa rite				act of worship
ureȟ	urek	ŕeh	irêkh		lesson, class
urestu	uestu	ŕeşti	irêch	riesťo	man
Urikira	Uricira				Arániceri goddess of Light
uris	(uris)				worship (n.)
urkos	urk		urk	oarko	log
uroker	urokir			roukar	work, fashion / make
ursos	urs	ŕs(ô)	ursh	oarso	bear [*]
ut	ut				may it be; if only
vaculaudec	vaglädec				pilgrim [‘shrine-goer’]
vacurion	vacuran				high priest
vacures	vacre altar	vagŕe altar	fakrê altar	vaocor frightening	numinous, holy; center of a vacus
vacus		vagi	faku		holy place, shrine, numinous or consecrated ground [*]
vaďes		vaze			delicate, graceful (in form), pretty
vaďora	vaďra	vazŕe			delicacy, grace (of form)
Vaecis	Vesi			Vaisi	the Vesi river [Monkhayic]
vagiel					wound, scar
vagir	važir	vajŕ	fachi fight	vaozir	wound, strike
valter	vauter		fôtê	vaotlar claim to be	be worth / evaluate (remote vels-) valtec comparative (in grammar)
vanan	vanan			vauna	align, side with / change sides, convert
vange	vánë	vâje	fanh	vaonza	cheek
vas	(voi)				23rd letter of the alphabet, V (V)
vaureica					harm; offense
vaures	(väreme dangerous)				harmful
vegis	veži	veji	fechi	viezi	plant [*]
vehaťa	veaďa	vease	feadh		charity, love
Veharies	(Vlerë)	Veŕi	Feorê	Veȟaorya	goddess of love
vehend	ven	vên	feênd	vieyen	deer [*]
veiten	(ad)večen		fetê speak		speak (in a council) / make a speech [*]
velaia	vlaya	velaʐe	felach	vlawa	aunt
velais	vlay	vele	felâ	vlai	uncle [*]
velen	velen	veln	felê	viela	steal /
velesta	vlesta				festival
vemeno	veneno	vemene	femen	vemieno	poison
venceio	venceo				conquest, invasion
vencir	vencir	vêşŕ	fênki	viensir	conquer / occupy, invade
venera	ventra belly	venŕe	fener		bulge
veraťos	verat	vŕase	feradh	veraoťo	boar
veredes	verde	vŕeʐe	feredê	viered	green [*]
Vereduria	Verdúria	Vŕeʐŕea	Ferediri	Vreduirya	Verduria (after about 2200, always spelled Verduria)
verra	vera			viera	sip, draft
vetter	veter			vietar	befoul, pollute, defile [*]
vetres	veče	vetre	fêtrê vile	vietla	disgusting, foul, filthy
veťuran	veturan	vesŕn	fedhura	veťuira	travel / depart [proto-Central *vetan, from pE *fetam]
veťureia	veturea				travel, journey
vietros	vëčer	vitre	fiêtor	vyietlo	evening
vigilen	vižien	vijiln	fichilê	viziola	wait, wait for; expect, hope / begin to wait; give hope
villis	vili	viʐi	fili	violi	pitchfork
vinos	vin	vi(şe)	fin	viono	wine [southern Meť. vidno; cf. bidno] baeȟ vinei alcohol
viocta	vyoža	vyçte	fôsht	vyoucťa	spirit, demon viocta mierae ktuvok [‘fire spirit’]
viondos	vyon	viôde	fiônd violin	vyoundo	lyre [c]
viraȟ	vrak	vireh	firakh	viraȟ	enemy [*]
viraȟres	vraře				hostile, inimical
virnis	virny	virni	firi	viorni	loyal
visia	viša	vizi	fizi	viosya	cherry
viťora	viďra			vioťor	iris (flower) [Meť.]
vocan	vocan	voşn	foka	vouca	invoke, summon / cause to be invoked
vocel	vosel			vousal	invocation, summons
vohir	voyir	voŕ	foi	voiyir	send / have sent
volesmes	voleme			vliesma	willing
volir	vulir	vulŕ	foli	voilir	want / begin wanting (irr.)
vua	vuá	va	fu	voa	voice
vumetel	vuntél				brocade [Ax.]
vures	(vure)				vocal, spoken
zadretes	zadete				meaningful
zadris	zadi	zadri		zaodri	meaning
zameren	zambren				pretend, feign / [c]
zas	(zais)				14th letter of the alphabet, Z (Z)
zediga		zeʐige			tangle
zediger	ziziger intrigue	zeʐigŕ		zediozar	be tangled / tangle
zeȟen	(zeřaš herb)	zegn	zekhê		pinch, snip /
zennos	zen	zêne	zên	zieno symbol	sign, indication
zendan	zendan			zienda	indicate / signal
zepter	zaftra	zetŕ	zêtê	zietwer	tomorrow, the next day
zeros	zer	zŕe	zer	ziero	flatbread
zeť	zet	zes		zieť	reflexive pronoun
zieis	zëi	zi	ziê	zyie	sea [*]
zieres	zëre				marine
ziȟe	zihe	zige	zikh	zioȟa	berry [*]
zirecan	zicuan			zirieca	be ridiculous / mock
zobantos	zobát	zovâte	zobant	zobaondo	sorcery [c]
zobrec	zovec		zobrê	zoubrac	play / send out to play; begin playing
zobrile			zobrel		toy, game
zol	zol	zł	zôl	zoul	strong [*]
zonnos	zon	zône	zôn	zouno	year [*]
zonres	zondre			zounra	yearly
zuemos	zöm	zume	zem	zwiemo	gate
zuemura	zömura				veranda
zula	zula	zule	zul	zuila	joy
zurris	zury		zuri	zuiri	supper, late dinner [*sūris ‘late’]
zuť	zut	zis	zuth	zuiť disobedient	wicked