The Planet Construction Kit is printed in black and white, which makes the climate maps a little hard to grasp. So here they are in color.

Earth

Almea

The Classification

This is of course the Köppen climate classification scheme, though with some of the piddly subclassifications merged. Here are the major types; they're explained in more detail in the book.

For simplicity's sake I combined the cold and hot deserts on the map (the cold deserts are in the temperate zone) and the rain forest and monsoon areas (the latter depend more on wind direction and continental placement anyway).

For location, Earth's Hadley cell is presently 0 to 30 degrees, the Ferrel cell 30 to 60, the polar cell 60 to 90. EQW = equatorward, PW = poleward. These are very rough guidelines!
 
Type Code Temp Rainfall Typical flora Where to put it
Tropical
Rain forest Af 27 C heavy all year very dense forest EQW half of Hadley
Monsoon Am 20 - 27 long wet season dense forest Continental areas off equatorial seas
Savanna Aw 24 - 28 short wet season scrub PW of rain forest
Dry
Desert Bwh 13 - 35 almost none cactus, shrubs PW side of Hadley on E side of continents
Cold desert Bwk -6 - 28 almost none temperate zone with mountains to W or S
Steppe Bs 2 - 25 minimal grassland between deserts and other areas
Subtropical
Subtropical Cfa 10 - 26 all seasons none deciduous forest EQW half of Ferrel on E side of continents
Mediterranean Cs 11 - 25 wet winters forest or shrubs EQW half of Ferrel on W side of continents
Marine Cfb 6 - 18 wet summers deciduous forest PW half of Ferrel on W side of continents
Continental
Humid Da/b -4 - 24 all seasons forest, prairie PW half of Ferrel in large continents
Taiga Dc -20 - 18 low conifer forest PW of Humid in large continents
Arctic
Tundra ET -28 - 12 minimal no trees; permafrost PW rim of continents
Ice caps EF -80 - 15 almost none almost none polar oceans and interior of polar islands
Misc
Mountain generally arid varied high mountains - complex climate