Verdurian-English Dictionary

© 1998-2002 by Mark Rosenfelder

This is a more up-to-date version of the dictionary that used to be available from zompist.com in Word format via ftp. I don't really have the bandwidth to keep it in multiple formats. I chose html format because (a) that seemed best in a quick poll on the message board and (b) it's very fast to update.

To facilitate reason (b), I'm avoiding anything fancy. So Ismaîn words look ugly, and Cadhinor digraphs aren't all upper case, and what should be in the Verdurian font isn't (thus the doubled letters)...

Though the alphabetical order is according to our alphabet, Ch Dh Rh Sh Zh are considered letters, and are alphabetized after C D R S Z respectively. (Acute accents and umlauts, however, are ignored for purposes of alphabetization.)

Etymology in [brackets]; Cadhinor words in CAPS; Verdurian and Old Verdurian (OV) in italics; words from other languages underlined. 'Reborrowing' indicates words borrowed in recent times from Cadhinor rather than inherited. For the derivation of Cadhinor, Cuêzi, and Xurnásh/Axunashin roots from Proto-Eastern, see the appropriate grammars.

No etymology is given for words formed from common affixes like rho-, -náe, -om, so long as the root has its own dictionary entry.

Parts of speech and genders are not given when they are evident from the form of the word in Verdurian.

Transitivity: vt = transitive; vi = intransitive; vt/vi = either.

The entries for words showing irregular morphology show the forms affected, including common spelling variations. For regular morphology, see the Grammar.

Dialectal, OV, and archaic words are generally entered only when they are mentioned elsewhere in the Verdurian Research Series, and are always marked as such. The selected slang and colloquial words which have been included are also labelled. All other words can be considered standard Mazhtane.

Entries for animal names include a short description, which should be taken as a summary of the essential characteristics of the animal. The English gloss is the closest terrestrial analogue; characteristics of this animal not mentioned in the short description do not necessarily apply to the Almean animal.

The lexicon includes the commonest Cuzeian and Eledhe given names, but does not indicate common words also used as names, and does not include Cadhinor-style combined names (of which more than four hundred are in common use). See the monograph Verdurian Names for these. However, the common name elements in Cadhinorian names are listed.

There are currently about 6135 entries in the Dictionary.

A A [To Index]

ä - oh, ah; expression of surprise or pleasure; prolonged, the sound of a scream

aa - uh, er

ab - prep prototypical use is as instrumental; by, using, with; grammar ending in [AB]
ab tranošán using a knife
ab nilnen with a skirt on
ab torán zië using his own share
ab raženin zië by his own efforts
ab Calton! by Calto!
šerë ab bolén nütán beer with a lot of foam
soî mevloži ab ne the verbs in -n
ulelen ab advečelán lië judging from his answer

abbosát - success

abbosan - vi succeed ['with luck']
abbosan u beďelán pass a test

abbosne - successful

abcurayne - reasonable, rational, reasoning [ab curayan, with reason]

Abend - Caďinorian given name [origin obscure; may be related to benda 'blessing']

abilen - vt clothe [late Caď. *HABILEN, from HABIL 'clothes']
zet abilen clothe oneself; wear (ab)

abnozát - attachment

abnozir - vt attach, fasten ['knot with']

abžanke - accidental ['by accident']

ac - but [AC]

accen - (colloq.) scold, tell off [short for acceoren]

acceorel - admonition, reprimand, exhortation

acceoren - vt admonish, reprimand, exhort [ADCEOREN]
Acceorne so aďeton aelutratán He exhorted the congregation to virtue
Cam acceorme ak zután lië He will reprimand them for their sin

accesten - vt deliver [ADCESTEN 'to there']

acclas - parry

acclasmir - vt/vi parry (conj. like clasmir) ['swing against']

acinec - vt hear, listen to, hear tell [ADCLINEC 'lean toward, listen', from CLINEC 'lean']
zet acinec to be known
acinec racont hear a story
Soa mažtana zet acine the city is well known

acinul - rumor; opinion

acoďia - separation, isolation; sequestration, purdah

acoďir - vt separate, sequester, keep apart [ADCOŤIR 'put aside', from AD + COŤOS 'side']
zet acoďir keep oneself apart from, stand aloof from (až)

acota - prep, adv aside, apart from [OV adcota 'aside' showing Caď. adverbial ending -A]
acota telin sefoin apart from the other boys

acotál - besides, anyway, in any case [ac otál 'but also']

acotura - seduction ['taking aside']

acoturen - vt seduce

acoturom - seducer

acřó - adv except, excluding ['but not']
Lelnai fsë, acřó soa šeira I saw everything except the palace
Trožnei čil čečum acřó eto You touched every piece of candy but this one

Acuyo - Cuzeian name [Acuōre]

ad - to, toward (always takes dative) [AD]
ad Deštain toward Deštai
büten ad lapisán aim at a rabbit
culpa ad žankan blame for the accident
cellëcan šual ad soan teřuan tie a horse to the post
Prosam ad desin We walked to the bridge

Adaro - Cuzeian name [Adāurio 'blue (as name)']

addobre - adjustment, small correction

addobrec - vt adjust (slightly or in increments); (make clothes) fit ['till right']
Ci-kyole řo zet addobre This dress doesn't fit

addobrom - fitter; maker of gloves, belts, scarves, sashes, and other accessories

adecan - just, exactly [AD AECAN 'to the point']

adeleca - a Barakhinei play, normally satirical and written by women; by extension, any comedy of manners, especially satirizing the rural nobility [Bar. adleleka 'showing']

adesan - vt become (by changing nature; compare ocan) (regular verb) ['toward-being']
adesan ďare become a sober person

adežel - cost (amount required to purchase) [ADAECTEL]

adežen - vt fetch [ADAECTEN 'to here']

adferieme - tolerant

adferien - vt bear, stand [ad + ferien 'support']

adike - prep until, till [AD DIŤAN KEDA 'to the time when']
adike čenan till dinner
adike dy adžanmai until I arrive

adis - rejection; divorce ['toward hate']

adisan - vt reject, divorce

adkazec - vt identify, indicate [ADKANSEC]

adkazeca - identification, indication

adšriften - vt instruct ['toward knowledge']

advečel - answer, response

advečen - vt answer, respond, reply [ADVEITEN 'answer', lit. 'respond in a speech']
advečen cues answer a question
advečen imbemecán answer the teacher

adžanen - vi arrive ['come to']

adžano - arrival

aď - god [AIĎOS]
Aď God
ab soin aďin for heaven's sake

aďa - goddess [AIĎA]

Aďám - Eleďe name [OV Aďam]

aďán - lawful good, godward; God-oriented ethics or behavior ['toward God']

aďát - divinity, godhead [AIĎANTOS]

Aďcet - Godsfest (Caďinorian pagan) [aďië céďue 'feast of the gods']

aďeton - church, community of believers, congregation; the body of all Eleďe believers. [AIĎETON]

aďetonáe - (Eleďe) church building

Aďia - Pagan given name [OV Aiďia]

Aďiana - Eleďe name [OV Aďriana]

Aďiano - Eleďe name [OV Aďriano]

aďicole - divine, godly ['god-loving']

aďivaži - blasphemy, profanation

aďivažir - blaspheme, profane [AIĎIVAGIR]
aďivažec blasphemous, profane

aďnáe - Caďinorian or Irrean temple; occasionally used for a large Eleďe church. [AIĎNAURE 'God-place']

aďom - cleric

aďomát - clergy

aďontu - vision, revelation ['God-showing']

áďoraž - hurricane, tornado ['divine storm']

aďtävel - disaster, catastrophe [AIĎOTAUBREL 'god-blow']

aďtävele - disastrous, catastrophic

Aďunac - the Dwelling of the Gods (1st Age mythology)

Aelëa - Goddess of the Earth and wife of Aežon (1st Age mythology) [AELILEA]

aelutrát - virtue, righteousness; character; the virtues

aelutre - virtuous [reborrowing of AELUŤRES; cf. elut]

aelutul - virtue, good point

Aežon - Lord of the Gods and God of the Heavens (1st Age mythology) [AECTON]

agasan - vt/vi annoy [AGASAN 'poke']

agasarda - cholera [reborrowing of AGASARDA 'poking disorder']

agasë - annoying

Agaďe - Eleďe name [OV Agaťe]

agažë - involved, active, outraged, engagé, particularly as a response to oppression ['against the outrageous']

agban - dam; hindrance, obstacle

agbaner - v hinder, impede, obstruct ['against traveling']

agbüte - useless ['against-goal']

agečia - refusal; disdain

agečir - vt refuse, waive; disdain ['throw against']

agmuran - vt disobey [ak 'against' + imuran 'obey']

Agne - Eleďe name [OV Hagne]

agoläm - important, serious ['to be faced']

agolamát - importance, seriousness

agolec - vt face, address; deal with, take care of ['face toward']
Eto agole soa aguma? Does this address the problem?

agreni - belief, conviction [ADCRENIS 'deeply felt', from AD 'at' + CRENIS 'guts']
ab agrenin on principle, out of conviction
tenec agrena hold a belief

agrenisát - beliefs, persuasion; belief-system, world-view

agrenuli - opinion ['a little belief']
tenec agrenula to have an opinion

aguma - problem [Cuêzi agūma]

Ahuenai - Axunai, Xurno (ancient name of Xurno) [Axunašin Axunai]
bomë Ahuenai Axunai

ahuenaš - Xurnáš [Axunašin axunašin, modified by analogy with Ahuenai]
bome ahuenaš Axunašin

ahuene - Xurnese

ai - I am

ailuro - cat (small domesticated predator, related to čučulî etc.)

áiočak - trap [Qaraumcán ayočaq]

aiočakan - vt trap

ak - against [AKh]
ak mezinen against nature
ak dy so činek šri lest the boss find out
brigan ak drukán fight with a friend
gagan ak hostán choke on a bone
Zet mis dy e ak soán daluguesán It's said that he's against the monarchy
Sues ak dunán e dekďun Six times two is twelve

akaltáš - nadir ['against the zenith'; replacing OV basáš for euphemistic reasons]

akašesa - contrast, opposition

akašir - contrast, oppose ['against-think'; cf. coašir]

akčaska - fire screen ['against sparks']

akešui - insurance, insurance policy ['against failure']
tene teplenem akešua to be fully insured

akešuir - vt insure
akešuir dom zië insure one's house

akežan - vt protect ['guard against']
akežan so řük ak bortomin protect the castle from bandits

akežeo - protection

Akula - Eleďe name [OV Akula]

aklädan - vt resist ['go against']

aklädeca - resistance

aklog - contradiction, denial (pl. akloži) ['word against']

aklogen - vt contradict, deny; repudiate
aklogen proetam zië go back on one's word

akmizec - vi disagree, object (conj. like mizec) ['speak against']
akmizec Ihanon disagree with Ihano
akmizec ak ciberdelán disagree with a decision

akmizo - disagreement

aknó - window ['against storm' = ak 'against' + no (archaic) 'rain', from NOU]

akolotan - vt dislike, disdain, spurn ['feel against']

akolotë - dislike, disdain

akonten - vt disprove ['show against']

akontu - disproof

akoteran - vt confuse, puzzle ['against-knowledge']

akoterát - confusion, puzzlement

akpluya - umbrella ['against rain']

akprenan - vt rob (with violence) ['take against']
akprenan ontediďa de redelcén rob a woman of her watch

akpuyan - vt repel, force back ['push against']
Copuynu soa incučä They forced the invader back

akpuyo - resistance (to an enemy or a force)

akrafne - unfair ['against fairness']

akřaner - vt guard (captives, prisoners, booty; cf. hežan) ['keep against']

akřanec - guard; warden, jailer

aksubrel - counter-effect ['against-effect']

akula - shark (large, primitive, fierce predator) [AKULUA, from Meť. akluwa]

akženë - sin against another man; crime

akžény - malicious, sinful, mean ['against the people']

al- - earthly (OV name element) [ALES]

alaďea - music [ALAIŤEA]

alaďeom - musician

Aläna - Name of the first iliu-maiden, Aläna Sorežna Alana the Fair [Cuêzi Alāna]

alat - an emur coin of Pakšohan or Hežina, in other lands generally called alati [dialectal form of ALAŤIS]

alat - a silver coin of Kebri, worth a third more than a fale [Kebreni alať]

alati - a type of bird; a common Caďinorian coin, generally of emur (Célenor, Ctésifon, Guaya, Solhai, Pakšohan, Hežina, Mútkün, Hroth, Érenat, Ismahi-- the Ismaîn coin is also called and alasi); also an ancient Caďinorian emur coin [ALAŤIS-- the coin generally pictures the bird]

Alauda - Cuzeian name [alaldas 'star']

Aláudë - Cuzeian name [alaldillê 'starlike']

alb - beam, mast [dialectal variation of arb 'tree']

alcalë - treasure; (colloquial) vagina [reborrowing of ALCALIE, from Cuêzi alcalias, nominalization of cōli 'gather' (cf. colir)]

alcedla - magic [ALETES CAEDEL 'the high discipline']

alcedlom - magician

alcedsanno - wizard, master magician, necromancer

alčiro - (army) captain, major ['high lieutenant']

aldea - village [ALDEIA]

alďoro - village chief [ALAŤORION, village chief, elder]

Aleďea - Eleďe name [OV Aleťeia]

Alekia - Eleďe name [OV Alecsia]

Alekio - Eleďe name [OV Alecsio]

aletasces - maximum [reborrowing of ALETASCES 'highest']

alihar - advantage, upper hand [reborrowing of ALIKhAR, from Cuêzi alīxār 'high place']
bruhan alihar take advantage (+ gen. = of something, + dat. = of someone)
alihar ab hičatán an advantage in cunning

alir - vt/vi (colloq.) deal with, handle, come to terms with, make do with [Flaidish ?aull]
zet alir get by, make do, get on well enough

Almea - Almea, the world; (not capitalized) world [ALAMEIA, from ALES 'earthly', MEIS 'water'; that is, 'the seas and lands']
Doncelai almea pro šrifec I'd give the world to know

Alric - Caďinorian given name; name of the current Verdurian king [OV 'earthly-ruler']

altáš - summit; zenith; ideal, paragon [ALETASCES 'highest']

altašše - superior, ideal

altát - height

altcliďu - vicar

altcurana - high curacy; the office of an altcüre

altcüre - Caďinorian pagan curate or bishop

alte - high; accent; accented syllable [ALETES]
áltece dec uestî at most ten men

altilneo - archbishop

altmesti - archdiocese [cf. mesti ]

altom - leader ['high-man']

altora - metrical pattern

altu - tyrant [OV ayltur, boss]

altuát - tyranny

Alue - Cuzeian name [ailuē 'graceful']

aluatas - grammar [reborrowing of ALUATAS]

alyo - garlic [ALILO]

am - we are

Ambeca - Cuzeian name [ambeca 'grace']

ambresa - liking, appreciation, approval [AMAREICA]
čisy ambresa good taste
ambresa and frälinen a taste for young women

ambrir - vt like, have a taste for; value, appreciate, approve (focus on judgment or aesthetics; cf. ditavan) [AMARIR 'respect, appreciate']
ambrec lover, connoisseur, fan, aficionado
ambre soem frälinem he likes young women

Ambrise - Cuzeian name [ambrisei 'dancer']

Ambrišo - Cuzeian name [Ambrisio 'dancer']

ametan - vt bring; deliver [ADMETTAN, from AD 'to' + METTAN 'put']
ametan čaa [ad] hotun bring tea for a guest

amevan - vt defy [AKhMEBRAN 'act against']

amevát - defiance

Amiša - Cuzeian name [amīsia 'joy']

ammeď - eldest child; heir ['first son']

Amnät- Amnät or Amnās, evil spirit dominating Almea [Cuezi Amnāte 'of Amnās']

amnigo - devil, corrupted vyoža (Power) of Almea [Cuezi amnigo 'coming from Amnäi']

amrab - law; code of law; monastic rule; monastic order [HAMURABOS]
so amrab the study of law

amrabe - lawful, legal

amrabise - rightful, lawful, de jure (by law)
Ai dalu muë amrabise I am your lawful king

amrabom - lawyer

amrabul - obverse stamp on a coin [leta ambrabul, 'coin made legal']

an - one; whole; heir; umarried, single; poetic eldest [AN]
so An Daluy the Heir Apparent, the Crown Prince (f. ana daluy)
an hipcontanan heir to the Viscountcy

an- - eldest

Ana - Eleďe name [OV Anna]

anacoďia - isolation, alienation

anacoďir - vt isolate, set apart ['one-separate']

anát - union, unity

anca - hip [HANCA]

and - for (on behalf of, for the benefit of, intended for); in favor of [reborrowing of AND]
and soan cumbutatán on behalf of the company
ivro and ečomuin a book for schoolchildren
ambresa and šeren a taste for beer
řit and surogonec frying pan
Itësu and soán otifeyen I worry about the poor thing
Ai and soan yestan I'm for the idea
Ei and iy ak? Are you for or against?

Andažuei - Endajué, the majority religion of Xurno [Xurnáš Endajué, from enda ju ez 'path between all']

andaša - seminar, meeting; committee ['session for (doing)']

andedau - profit [Kebreni adnedau 'addition', from adnedu 'add', borrowing of ADMETTAN]
colir andedaum is soan cumbutatán make a profit from the business
So cumbutát keďe andedaum The business returns a profit

andettene - profitable ['has profits']

andor - mighty [ANDEOR]

Andrea - Eleďe name [OV Anďrea]

Andrey - Eleďe name [OV Anďrea]

ane - eldest
anî parents

anëdana - lineage; breed

anëdë - of good family; pedigreed (animal)

anëden - vi descend [ANORDEN 'claim as one's ancestor', from ANOR 'elder']
anëdec descendant
anëdul ancestor
anëdec Sumeei A descendant of Sumeo
Anëde Sumeei He descends from Sumeo

Anëla - Eleďe name [OV Angela]

anelen - vt/vi ring

anelo - ring [ANELLO]

anëly - angel

Áneve - Goddess of Spirit and love (1st age mythology) [OV Ándembre, late Caďinor ANDEMARE, feminization of ANDEMAR]

anguia - eel (long thin fish) [ANGUHILA, from Cuêzi ancuīlla 'small sea serpent', from Meť. ankuwa 'sea snake']

anieprusi - singles bar [anië prusi, 'inn of the unmarried']

anise - only, unique, sole
Eu soî anisî kaë šrifu They're the only ones who know

anisece - only, solely, merely

aniže - cool, chilly

-ank- - pejorative suffix [Ctésifoni dialect]

ankazë - nominee, candidate (in an election)

ankazec - vt nominate for office ['point for']
zet kazec run for office
Ankaztom Caltam and munëin We'll run Calto for the position

ankazeca - nomination, candidature

anor - elder [ANOR]

anori - college, group
soa Anori - (Caďinorian Catholic) College of Cardinals

anorul - collegian; Cardinal

anröma - the singular ['one-count']

anröme - singular

ans - handle [ANSOS]

ansel - key ['little handle']

ánselcud - keyhole (pl. ánselcuzî) ['key-hole']

antau - system [Cuêzi āntāu 'unity', from āno 'one']

anušan - vt loathe [AKhNUSIAN 'set one's face against', from AKh 'against' + NUSIAN 'be determined']

anušeo - loathing

apelu - call [APELLU]

apeluan - vt call, summon [APELLAN 'name, call']
apeluan pretäram call a servant

Apleno - Eleďe name [OV Apellen]

Apolo - Eleďe name [OV Apollo]

apros - adv later, afterward; prep after [AD PROCIN '(following) close after']
apros soan pavonan following the wagon
apros soan prandon after dinner
apros dy so dalu fäsre after the King left
So dalu apros siča šantne The king was later singing

aprosmev - reaction

aprosmevan - vi react; vt counter ['act after']

aproste - adj later, subsequent

appakan - vi approach
Appakam soan mažtanan We're approaching the city

appakát - approach ['toward closeness']

appuyan - vt motivate, inspire; imply, suggest ['push toward']
Et appuyei šantan You inspire me to sing
Šant appuye alaďea A song implies music

appuyo - motivation; implication, suggestion

apprî - before, in front of [ad 'toward'+ prî 'facing']
apprî so domán in front of the house

ar - yes [Curiyan ayra 'truly']

arad - despite [HARAD]

arafát - terror, brutality, lawlessness [až 'away from' + rafát 'justice']

aran - cradle [ARANOS]

Arana - Cuzeian name (m.) [araunas 'eagle']

Aránicer - Aránicer, a city on the upper Svetla [ARAUNICAER, half-translation of ARAUNICOROS, from Cuêzi Araunicoros 'port of the Eagle']

arasni - spider (web-building arthropod-- on Almea, ten-legged) [ARACNIS]

arastát - care

araste - careful, painstaking; patient [ARACNITES 'painstaking, like a spider']

Araš - Araš, the first man [Cuêzi Arrasos]

Arašát - Arašát, the worship of Iáinos; the religion of Cuzei and the Arašeî

Arašei - one of the worshippers of Iáinos ['son of Araš']

Aranotu - the Creating Spirit, Mind (1st Age mythology)

arašó - very much, much, quite

arb - tree [ARBOS]

arbek - locust (swarming, destructive hopping insect) [HARBEKh]

arbul - shrub

arc - bow, arc [ARCOS]

Arcaln - the ancient fortress on Arin Island guarding Verduria ['Arin fortress']

Arcél - the eastern continent, seat of Belesao and Uytai [Uytainese ?arkhel 'Almea']

arcom - bowmaker (a subspecialty of strelorát)

ardënda - monument [ADLERIENDA 'memorial', from ADLERIEC 'remember', from AD + LERIAS 'understanding']

Arénica - ancient name of Verduria [ARENICA, from AROSD]

arico - long bean [HARICO]

arin - relating to Arosd or Arénica; (poetically) Verdurian; also, the name of the delta island on which Arcaln is built [ARENES]

arkoša - tree-dwelling cat, found in Rau jungle ['tree cat']

arni - lamb [ARINIS]

Äron - Eleďe name [OV Aaron]

Arosd - ancient name for the Eärdur river delta [Meťaiun 'delta']

ařelir - vt pelt with stones or debris; cast sand, seeds, or other small objects on; sprinkle (with water) [AKhRESLIR, from AKh 'against' + RESLIR 'sow']

ařemë - negative (grammar, logic) [AKhEMEC 'deny', from AKh 'against' + EMEC 'talk']

ařolotë - prejudice, bigotry, unreasoning dislike ['feel against']

ařolotëte - prejudiced, bigoted (ak)

Ařomba - Goddess of Endings [AKhOMERA]

aržent - silver[ARGENTOS]

aržentei - official name for the fale, the large silver coin of Verduria; a similar coin in Krasnaya; or a small silver coin of Célenor, Guaya, or Viminia

aržentul - a small silver coin of Verduria (worth 1/3 fale); used informally for similar coins in other countries ['small silver']

äser - merry, jolly, cheerful [ALACER 'roaring drunk']

äserát - merriment, jollity, mirth, good cheer

asën - maple (temperate, deciduous tree with heavy foliage) [ACERNOS]

ásuir - vi sit, sit down [ASIR]
šesan asuir seat

asuena - seat; chair [reborrowing of ASUENA]
asuena lonei the place of honor; (grammar) the most salient position

-áš - augmentive suffix

aša - session, sitting [ASIA, from ASIR 'sit']

ašea - thought

ašec - thinker; intelligent creature

ašetia - redemption; ransom

ašetir - vt redeem, ransom ['buy toward']

ašir - vt think; consider, figure [HASCIR]
Tot řo ašu I think not
Ašcelau dy suvei soa ďaya I suppose you're right

At - abbreviation for Aďom tësaďatei, Caďinorian pagan priest

-át - state, art, method [-ANTOS]

atabei - empress [ATRABEIS]

atabo - emperor [ATRABION]

atäpan - vt catch [ad + haup OV 'cord (for trapping game)', from HAUPIS 'tight']

Atau - Cuzeian name [Antāu]

atikan - vt sting; agitate, stir up [synaesthetic]

atiku - sting

Atipa - Eleďe name [OV Antipa]

Atónia - Eleďe name [OV Antonio]

Atónio - Eleďe name [OV Antonio]

atna - cabin [ATONNA 'small room']

attenec - vi belong ['toward having']
attenec soán šohán belong to the duke

attróuen - vt reach, attain; convince ['toward finding']
attróuen so ftalók reach the ceiling

atüčy - rascal [ANTIUTIS 'mischievous', ultimately from ANTIU 'prank']

atún - room [ATONNOS]

atunec - roommate

atuny - apartment; lodgings [atunî 'rooms']

audát - reception, audience; conception (of ideas) [ALDANTOS]

audec - vt receive, host, put up; conceive, think up (an idea) [ALDEC]
audec hotom zië receive one's guests
Kiel audeo yelem lë? Where do you get your ideas?

audnáe - living room

auva - womb; mold (for clay or metal) [ALBRA]

auvec - cast, mold [ALBREC]

ava - grandmother [ABRA]

ave - hail! hello!

Avéla - Avéla, capital of Érenat and center of the Eleďe church [Keb. Avelah']

avelotá - "avelanism," a speech mannerism characteristic of Avélan dialect

avena - oats [ABRENNA]

avenura - porridge

avisar - secondary school [AVISSAR 'academy', from Cuêzi avissār 'community of scholars', lit. 'place of knowledge']
avisarei (invar.) having completed avisar studies but not entered a university

avisaru - student in an avisar

avo - grandfather [ABRO]

Avräm - Eleďe name [OV Avraam]

avula - great-aunt

avulën - voluntary [ab vulein 'with will']

avulo - great-uncle

ay - ouch (expresion of pain)

ayurea - devotion

ayurec - vt idolize, worship, be devoted to [AHUREC]

Ávusto - Eleďe name [OV Avgusto]

Azedun - archdemon (1st age mythology)

Azënár - Cuzeian name [azienār 'forest']

azipa - (m.) fat, grease [ADIPAS]

azipdan - vt grease; dip in fat (before frying)

azifse - a fat

azurda - (m.) sapphire [ADURDAS, from Cuêzi adūrdas 'blue substance']

azure - blue [ADURES]

azurek - bruise [OV dim. of 'blue']
dan azurek bruise (+dat.)

azurom - sailor, naval recruit [from the blue color of their uniform]

azuršue - bluish; the darkish color of the Uytainese

až - prep away, away from; besides, except [AIUS]
žesan až soan mažtanan live away from the city
vežaen až soa mažtana run away from the city (acc., showing movement)
až Vyatán erán south of Vyat
až Verdúrian po ďunen cemisen two kilometers from Verduria
Soî činî eu on de čelán caë The plates are out of their places again
Řo e agoläm až lavisian Nothing matters but dancing

ažana - at least, at worst [AC TANA 'but surely']

Ažáritar - name of a star [Cuêzi Agāeritar]

ažbežia - a movement away

ažbežir - vt withdraw, retire, move away ['movement away']
zet ažbežir withdraw (oneself)
Tam ažbežirum im audnáa Let us retire to the living room

ažbrugiven - duck, dodge ['twist away']

ažcita - monastery [až away + CINTURA 'city walls': 'away from the city']

ažgolec - vt ignore, neglect ['face away']

ažela - tenderness [AGELLA 'kindness']

ažele - tender

ažfäsir - vt forego, leave ['away-leave']

ažglömen - vt wipe someone's nose ['away-snot']
zet ažglömen blow one's nose

ažlädan - vi spread out, disperse, scatter (of individuals) ['go away']

ažmetan - vt throw out, discard 'put away']
ažmetulî (pl.) garbage

ažmifan - vt revoke ['away-allow']
ažmifan soi coamrabi lukulei revoke the privileges of the guilty party

ažmifát - revocation

Ažirei - Goddess of the Sea [AGIREIS, from Meť. Agibna]

ažprenan - vt take away ['away-take']
Ažprenano ci-dronem! Take away these guitars!

ažuvea - vacation

ažuven - vi go on vacation [AIUBREN 'go away (on retreat)', from AIUS 'away']

B B [To Index]

baba - adv open-mouthed, gaping, slack-jawed [BABEC 'open the mouth wide', imitative]
Siča tekru baba I stood there with my jaw dropped

bäbec - vi yawn [BABEC; long ä is synaesthetic]

bäbeo - yawn

baco - (obscene) cunt [BACO]

badai - scream

badair - vi scream

baďi - hitting; percussion

baďir - vt hit [BAŤIR]

baďul - percussion instrument

bakati - vomit

bakatir - vt vomit [variant of babatir: baba 'open-mouthed' + -atir 'do (with a body part)']

bakt - terrible [Kebreni bakte 'fucking']

bal - tact [BAL]

balam - edible plant, vegetable [BOLAM]

baltene - tactful

ban - way, passage; initial direction [BANOS]
až ban! get out of the way!

baner - vi venture

Bánimu - Cuzeian name [banimu 'voyager']

bankeša - destination ['way's end']

Bar - Cuzeian name [bāuros 'old one']

baraďu - brother [BARAŤU]

Barahin - Barakhún [partial translation of Barakhinei Barakhun, 'mountain-land']

Barahina - Barakhina (capital city of Barakhún) [Barakhinei]

barahine - n, adj Barakhuni

barahinei - Barakhinei (language) [Barakhinei, 'of Barakhún']

Bardau - Cuzeian name [bardāu 'communion', from bardu 'brother']

bardaum - primal, ritualistic, orgiastic [Cuêzi bardāume 'communal, drawing together']

bardinó - coyote (medium-size, very clever predator; related to lef ) [BARILONDOS, augmentative of BAURILOS, from Cuêzi bāurīllos 'little old one']

bargë - quarter, one fourth [BARGAU, from Cuêzi bārgāu, from bāor 'four']

barsúc - badger (small predator) (pl. barsúsî) [BURSONCOS]

barucia - lounging, lying

barucir - vi lie; rest, lounge [*BARUKIR 'rest on the patio']
Barucre sur nažezan He was lying on the couch
Barucre sur nažeza He lay down on the couch

baruk - paved outside room in an ancient Caďinorian house

bařura - a unit of area, 6.2 square feet [BAREKhURA 'armful']

basasces - minimum [reborrowing of BASASCES 'lowest']

basáš - slaver; scumbag, lowest of the low; (archaic) nadir [BASASCES 'lowest']

basašše - inferior; of the lowest morals or quality; pessimal

basát - lowness

base - low, lower; mean, vulgar; unaccented syllable, dip [BASES]
basece dec uestî at least ten men
so base Eärdur the lower Eärdur

basfahe - slang ['low speech']

baskud - anus ['lower hole']

baslevi - labium (of external female genitalia) ['lower lip']

basom - slave

basomát - slavery

basřez - toil, hard work, drudgery ['low work']

basřezen - vi toil, drudge, labor

bastón - stick [BASTONDOS, augmentative of BASTOS]

baš - slap, spanking

bašan - vt slap, clap, spank [imitative]

bašševey - a pubic hair

bašti - the sticks (percussion instrument) [Ismaîn bas,ti 'sticks', from BASTOS]

bäz - claim, demand [OV 'toll', from *BANSOS, from BANSES 'of the road', from BANOS 'road, way']

bäzec - vi claim, demand
bäzec pro gintron to claim the throne

bdornor - stranger (Curiyan dialect) [from Curiyan]

be - the letter B (invar.), the eleventh letter of the alphabet [BE]

Bečínd - God of Earth (First age mythology) [BETCINDOS, augmentative derivation of BETCIR, Arániceri variant of BECTIR 'move']

bečka - barrel; a unit of measure, 4 lucoi or 145.1 l [OV beyčka, diminutive of bayča, from BAITA, from Meť.]

bečom - barrelmaker, cooper

bečón - a fast dance in Ismaîn style, esp. accompanied by the guitar [Ismaîn beçtô, augm. of 'movement', from BECTIR]

bedorcan - vi stumble [synaesthetic-- the tongue stumbles across the palate]

beďel - test, observation
abbosan u beďelán pass a test
ešuir beďel fail a test
hipsalďir beďel take a test

beďelan - vt test

beďir - vt inspect, observe [BEŤIR 'inspect, test']

beďo - inspection, observation
araste beďo close investigation (scientific attitude)

befel - command, order, decree; imperative mood [Curiyan befe 'order' + nominalization -el]
ül befel classical imperative

befelan - vi command, order (takes dat.)
Ke befelcele Ënomain lialan? Who would command the sun to rise?

beh - spirit, essence-- a substance formed by distillation [BAEKh 'essence']
beh elcarinei sulphuric acid (oil of vitriol)
beh selei hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid)
beh mičii acquous ammonia

behdan - vt sketch [BAEKhDAN 'portray', from DAN 'give' + BAEKh 'essence']

behdel - picture (a mimetic representation; cf. risunë, pažaka) [BAEKhDEL]

Behusa - Behusa religion [Xurnáš Bezuxao 'Bezu teaching']

bekamát - comfort

bekame - comfortable [BEKASMES 'informal, wearing old clothes', from BEKE 'old clothes']

belaca - straight sword, Caďinorian sword (pl. belasî) [BELACA]
belaca platula mercenary

belacát - courtesy, chivalry, noble manners [OV 'swordsmanship']

belacatise - courteous, chivalrous, gallant, polite

belacatom - gentleman, a gallant or chivalrous man

beldobre - good, right, lovely, satisfying, beautiful; suggesting Narnia, or the Gospels [beluán 'beautiful' + dobre 'good']

belfasco - fair weather

belfassec - vi to be fair (conj. like fassec) [bel(uan) 'beautiful + fassec 'do']
Eludëno belfas It's nice out today

belgo - war [reborrowing of BELGO]
Belgo řo e belfasco War is hell

belgom - warrior

belgomáš - warlord

belgovël - ostentatious, grandiose [BELGOVILEIL, after the emperor BELGOVILEAS who rebuilt Ctésifon in grand style]

belgsanno - general ['war-lord']

Belnear - God of the Forest

belor - close friend [BELOR]

belora - (female) close friend

Belšai - Belšai [Xurnáš]

belšaine - of Belšai

belua - beauty

beluán - beautiful [BELUAND 'dear, loveable', from BELOR 'close friend']

bem - head; cob (of maize) [BEMBOS 'gourd']

bemáš - cartoon, caricature [behdel bemáš 'big head drawing']

bemašát - cartooning, the art of caricature

bemát - capital

bembula - skull ['head ball']

benda - work, power [BENEDA 'consecration']

Benécia - Benécia [from dialectal beneca 'blessing']

benécy - Benécian

bengát - blessing

benge - a most; n majority [reborrowing of BENGES]

benir - vt bless [BENGIR]

beom - baron [from belgom, warrior]

beoma - baronness

beomana - barony

beomul - baronet; an honorary title bestowed by the Verdurian king

ber - lock [BAEROS]

beran - vt lock

berana - harem; women's quarters [BAERANDA 'purdah, lockup for concubines']

beranát - concubinage

beranë - concubine; mistress

berda - path, trail [BEREDA]

Beret - Cuzeian name [Beretos, from berede 'green']

berise - mysterious [BERISES 'obscure', from BER 'mist']

berisél - mystery

berole - malachite (hydrous carbonate of copper) [BEREOLE, from Cuêzi 'green jewel']

Bérunor - Lake Berunor in Ešan [Barakhinei Berunnor, from BERUNDOS 'fog', the Caď. name of the lake, plus -nor 'land']

beře - sloppy [BEKRES 'dressed in old clothes', from BEKE 'old clothes']

beřotá - bad taste, kitsch

beřotise - kitschy

bes - hero (OV name element); name of a Caďinorian gold coin, and a modern gold coin of Krasnaya, Ctésifon, or Guaya [BAESOS]

besgetec - extravagant, profligate [BAESOGAETEC 'throwing away besî']

besima - a small gold coin of Ctésifon [reborrowing of BAESIMA 'small bes']

Besoma - Cuzeian name [Bēusomâ 'dream of peace']

besya - lover, girlfriend [OV besia 'promise']

besyun - lover, boyfriend [OV besiond, m. form of besia]

bešana - promise; name of the twelfth month [BAESIANDA 'promise, betrothal']

bešanen - vt promise
Ihano bešanne Rahelin prandam Ihano promised Raheli a dinner

betra - female dog, bitch [BAETERA]

beza - bucket [BAEDIA]

bežia - movement, motion

beživiso - dynamics ['study of motion']

bežir - vi move; work, function, operate [BECTIR]
šesan bežir teleam make an instrument work
So niru beže The machine is on, is working

bežuloš - a single movement
Siča fäbai-- řo suy bežuloš! I'm painting-- don't even budge!

bice - fir [Xurnáš bike]

bidracon - atom, molecule (the smallest unit you can have of a substance without decomposing into elements) [Cuêzi bidracuon 'the indivisible', from dracê 'cut']

bilic - cheap [OV bilic 'miserly', from BILLIR 'hoard']

bindo - vine, grapevine [BINDO, variant of BIDNO, from Meť. bijno; cf. Keb. biźnu]

binea - list [reborrowing of BINEIA 'registry']

binges - alumina (aluminum oxide) [Cuolese (of Belšai) binggec 'white clay']

bistren - vi bustle [Flaidish bister 'busy oneself', from the plural of bist 'task']

biyeta- royal vote, the vote of an elector for the kingship or another post so filled; by extension, electorship, one's right to cast a biyeta, noble status, title [BILETA 'voter's stylus']

biyetec - elector, someone with the right to cast a biyeta; by extension, powermonger

biyeten - vt (with acc.) to make someone an elector; to grant a title of nobility (because a noble always has the biyeta); vi (with dat.) to elect, to choose (of kings, etc.)

biyetora - the assembly of all those who hold the biyeta

Bizbero - Cuzeian name [Bisbēruos 'fearless']

Bizbirah - Cuzeian name [Bisbirax 'no enemies']

bižno - upstart

blan - date (fruit) [BALANOS]

blanarb - palm tree

bliďrom - a busybody

bliďräm - one's affairs; agenda

bliďrämen - vi to busy oneself, to hustle back and forth, to bustle

bliďren - vi to be busy, to occupy oneself, to do [synaesthetic]
bliďren cum imfátin zië to be busy with one's children

bo- - in-law prefix

bobren - vt embarass [late colloquial *BOBREN 'make to look foolish', from BOBRES 'foolish', from BOBO 'fool']
Meď së fsëgda et bobre My son always embarrasses me

boc - cube (pl. bosî) [BOCOS]

boce - plenty [Viminian dialect 'plenty, a lot'; from BOLGES 'big']

bocteica - diplomacy [reborrowing of BOCTEICA 'dealings, diplomacy', from BOCTAN 'deal with']

bocteicom - diplomat

boctura - tribute [reborrowing of BOCTURA, from BOCTAN 'deal with']

bocžene - crowded ['plenty of people']

boď - kick

boďan - vt kick [BOŤAN]

Boďneay - God of War

boďpila - kickball, soccer ['kick ball']

boemo - riverbank [BUHEMUL, alteration of BUMEHUL 'unplowed area, border']

bogaty - rich; delicious [Southern dialectal derivation from colloquial BOLGANTIS 'very big, very good']

bola - an in-law

bolë - adj much [BOLGES 'big']

bolëce - adv much

bolëďe - major [BOLGEĎES 'bigger']

bolyáše - big; grown-up [BOLGASCES 'biggest', reinterpreted as an augmentative in OV]

bomát - age

bombril - immense, huge, massive [BUMERIL 'unmeasured']

bome - old [BOSMES 'wrinkled', from BOSOS 'wrinkle']

bomřanec - conservative ['keeping of the old']

bonüra - ecstacy

bonürë - ecstatic

bordë - coast; frame (of a picture); rim [BORDILE 'shore', from BORDOS 'edge']

boruna - torrent [BORUNDA, augmentative of BORA 'flood']

bort - band, gang [Caizu baort 'cohort, band (of forty men)'; cf. Cuêzi bārde 'forty']

bortom - bandit

borže - heretical, dissident [BORGES 'alone, apart']

bos - wrinkle [BOSOS]

bosa - fortune; luck; chance; a good turn of the cards [Cuêzi bōsa 'chance']

bosme - elderly, senile [medical reborrowing of BOSMES 'wrinkled, senile'; cf. bome]

bosmeca - senescence, senility; old age (with an emphasis on declining powers or inability to execute one's functions) [reborrowing of BOSMEICA]

bosmizë - fortuneteller, soothsayer ['fortune-sayer']

bostene - lucky

bošnan - vi quit, give out, fail, stop working; run out

bošnom - quitter, loser, schlemiel

botsa - vanilla (the Almean plant is a type of tropical bean) [Nanese boütsa]

boua - cow; (slang) mark, victim [BOUNA]

bouan - bull (male of large, bulky herbivore); (slang) trick, john [BOUNOS]

bouhutor - dairy ['cow farm']

boumyaso - beef ['cow meat']

bouucöm - dairy farmer

božan - vi fare [BOCTAN 'treat': Kensa ek boctont? 'How are they treating you?' --> Kiel bože? 'How are you doing?']

brac - glory [BERAC]
so Brac Eleďei The Ascension

bracse - glorious

brak - arm (OV irr. pl. brai still used in poetry) [BERAKh, variant of BAREKh]

brakoš - sleeve

brašo - flour [BRASCO]

brasco - pollen [reborrowing of BRASCO]

bres - band, strip; thong; bandage; Almean bra [BRESOS 'band']

bresul - small band, ribbon

bretel - suspender

bretir - vt/vi suspend, hang [late Caď. *BRESTIR 'tie up, truss', from BRESOS 'band']

brevát - shortness

breve - short; short mark, as in î, u (î, u) [BREVES]
i brevë the character î

brevë - short letter, note [pisá brevë ]

brigan - vi fight, battle [BRIGAN]
brigan ak Kebrin fight [with] Kebri

brigát - fight, fighting

brigec - fighter, brigand

brigoš - weapon

Brinuma - Cuzeian name [Brinūmē 'near to God']

Brinumo - Cuzeian name [Brinūmio 'near to God']

bris - the sound of breaking glass [imitative]

brisete - fragile, brittle

brisgent - bismuth ['break(able)-metal']
fale brisgent bismuth oxide ['white bismuth']
mlakon brisgentei bismuth-glance (bismuth sulphide) ['coal of bismuth']

brisir - vt/vi break

bröca - (sing.) trousers, pants (pl. brösî) [BRUECA 'leggings']

brub - block [BRUBOS]

bruge - crooked, twisty

brugiven - vi/vt twist

bruhan - vt use [BURUKhAN]
zet bruhan (pro) serve (as), be used (for)

bruhu - trumpet (like an elephant) [imitative]

bruhuan - vi trumpet

bruk - use, usage [BURUKh]

brum - fog [BERUNDOS, augmentative of BER 'mist']

brunarë - alum (potassium aluminum sulphate), a mineral salt used as a mordant and astringent [INDETIA BERUNDARIES 'astringent of Berunor']

brune - brown; of skin color, the typical color of Verdurians and Caďinorians

brunsus - umber ['brown earth']

brúnšue - brownish

brura - heather [BRURUA]

bruřy - tool [BURUKhRIS 'useful']

bruřo - (colloquial) belly, gut [BRUKhO 'animal's stomach']

bruše - tough

bruvel - solution, resolution

bruven - vt solve, resolve [BRUVEN 'loosen']

bu- - un-, in- (unproductive; see řo-) [BU- 'not']

buas - sponge [BURASOS, from Meť.]

bubo - lad, lout [BUBO]

buduk - an elcarin silver coin, worth about 2.5 falî [Barakhinei budukh, from Elkarîl]

buďaye - wrong, incorrect [BUĎAHES]

bufan - vt beat [OV buf 'sound of a blow']

bufauhe - paralysis [reborrowing of BUFAUKhES 'incapable']

Buheda - Goddess of Bread

bukrare - infinite [reborrowing of BUKRARES 'unlimited', from BU- 'not' + KRAIS 'limit']

bulondir - vt bake [BULONDIR, from BULLA 'round loaf of bread']
Yon zet bulonde The bread is baking

bulondom - baker

bulonnáe - bakery

bulse - round [from BULLA; see bulondir]

bulsrava - a type of shellfish, used to produce a purplish dye ['round-shell']

bumečo - pearl [BUSMETRIO, BUSMITRIO, from Meť. bokhtumičiro 'sea-silver']

bumuše - few, scarce; (colloq.) brainless [BUMUSCES 'not many']
bumuše lerë unperceptive, lacking understanding

bumušë - scarcity, lacking

bünát - violence

büne - violent [BUINES 'ill-tempered']

Bunori - Life, Fortune; one of the Fates; (not capitalized) one's chances in life; good fortune [BUNNORIS, from proto-Eastern *bunnem 'distribute']
tróuen bunora zië seek one's fortune
ab Bunorin by fortune, by fate

buona - cool, good (slang; invar.)

buprilise - (grammar) indefinite, irrealis ['not definite']

bur - puzzle (OV name element) [BUROS]

buřičy - naïve; simpleton [BUKhITRIS 'clumsy'; cf. hičy]

buřy - mark, dupe, victim [short for buřičy]

buš - mouth; spout [BUSCOS]

busemil - indecent, improper ['not decent']

bušoš - cork; plug ['mouth-thing']

bušošan - vt cork, plug

büt - goal, target (pl. büsî) [BUTOS]
büsî a game resembling pétanque or bocci

büten - vi aim
büten ad soán lapisán aim at the rabbit

butošeo - need [BUTOSCEIO 'insufficiency'; cf. tošen]
Tenao butošeam onrälulië I need some biscuits

butošše - needful, required

buyel - lout, loutish [after Buyel, a town in Verduria province]

C C [To Index]

cäcian - vt chop; break off [dynamic forms of CAUCAN 'break']

cadeo - commandment [CADEIO 'command, rule']

caďin - Caďinorian; a small gold coin of Pakšohan [CAĎIN]

Caďinas - Caďinas, the Caďinorian Empire [CAĎINAS, from proto-Central kaduns '(people of the) river fork', a tribe of early Caďinorians along the middle Svetla]

caďino - Caďinor [CAĎINOR]
caďino tëdene 'modern Caďinor': what the Ctésifoni call Verdurian

caďinotá - archaism ['caďinorism']

caë - their

caesia - rash [reborrowing of CAESIA 'scratching']

cäh - lizard (small, swift reptile) [CAUKhOS]

Caiem - one of Ënomai's planets

caineš - inhuman, horrible, mechanical, triumphantly evil [OV ecaynceš, merger of ecay 'horrible' with enceš 'fear'; see nkaš]

cairete - timely

cairo - time, occasion, opportunity, chance [CAIRON 'opportunity']
cairon at the right time
matuan cairam seize an opportunity

Caizu - the Caizuran language [Caizu; cf. Cuêzi]

Caizura - Caizura [from Caizu]

caizure - adj Caizuran

cal - hot

calec - vt heat, warm
zet calec heat up, get warmer

Calërea - Goddess of Life (1st Age) [CALIEREA, probably related to CALO 'sunlight']

cäli - stalk, stem [CAULIS]
cälî asparagus

cálima - knuckle [CALCIMA, diminutive of CALCO 'heel'; the knuckle was seen as the heel of the finger]

caln - fortress [CALENOS]

calnaďom - chaplain

calo - heat; the fifth month [CALO]

Caloton - God of Day [CALOTEON, from CALO 'heat, sunlight' + -(T)EON 'clan']

calseo - shoe [CALCEIO, from CALCOS 'heel']

calseom - shoemaker

calsešue - humid ['hot-heavy']

calsešuesa - humidity

calteleo - thermometer ['heat-instrument']

calten - the fourth day of the week ['Caloton's day']

Calto - Caloton (familiar)
ab Calto by Caloton (Viminian dialect; standard is ab Calton)

caltose - sunny in disposition, sanguine, optimistic ['like Calto']

cälul - stem ['little stalk']

calura - fever [CALURA 'hotness, fever']

calžole - hot and dry (not humid) ['hot-light']

cam - them (acc.)

cäma - holiday [CAUMA 'rest period']

cämec - vi do nothing, be idle

Camélia - Cuzeian name [caumēliye 'sweetheart']

Camiši - Cuzeian name [cammisi 'yellow']

camsida - yellow arsenic, orpiment (arsenic trisulphide) [ECAMMISIDAS, from Cuêzi, 'yellowizing substance']
čuél camside white arsenic (arsenic trioxide)

camsidole - arsenic ['crystal orpiment']

can - to them (dat.)

cäpibode - devotional, inspirational, religious (art) [Cuêzi cāpiboede, from cāpi 'adore']

capir - vt revere [CALPIR]

capiye - reverence

car - square; courtyard [CARROS]

carďa - curve [CARĎA]

carďë - sword, specifically a curved Verdurian sword; scimitar [CARĎILE 'curved thing']

carďise - curved, curvy

caro - diamond (shape); pane (of glass--often diamond-shaped in Verduria) [OV pier carosiryse 'square-bodied stone']

carpuan - vt snatch, grab [colloq. CARPUAN 'seize', from CARPOS 'trophy']

cas - corner [CASOS]

cäsel - bit, scrap, small piece; die (from game) [CAUCEL 'broken off piece']
cäselî a wagering game, originally played with pieces of sticks, later with tin coins

casi - helmet [CASSIS]

cašna - chestnut (nut) [CASTANA]

cašne - chestnut (color), greyish or reddish brown

caturë - rhythmic

caturo - rhythm [Cuezi catūro 'rhythm']

caua - coffee (bitter bean brewed into a beverage) [Moreo Ašcai kahawa]

cauc - heel [CALCOS]

caucačir - vt goad, prod, spur; urge, urge on [CALCATIR 'prod with the heel']

caucel - bit, very small piece [student slang; from CAUCEL]

caučuco - rubber [CALTUCO]

caumen - vt blow off, bag, skip (slang) [students' reborrowing of CAUMEN 'not work']

caunáe - coffeehouse, café

cave - basement, cellar

cavir - vi warn [CABRIR 'admonish']
cavir soin šadenin eta malionile warn the knights about venereal disease

cavel - warning

cayun - washroom [CAIUND 'most horrible']

cazo - law, rule; legal act; parliamentary bill (cf. cliďel) [CADUS]

ce- - that

cebo - onion [CAEBOLO]

cebrel - building [reborrowing from CEBREL]

cececén - type of songbird [named for its song]

Cecia - Eleďe name [OV Caecilia]

cečel - there ['that place']
cečelei thence, from there
cečelán thither, to there
cečel zdesy here and there

cečelece - thereby

cedel - habit, practice [CAEDEL 'discipline']

ceďnare - seventh day of the week; Caďinorian pagan holiday; Eleďe sabbath [OV, 'feast of Enäron']

céďue - feast [CAEŤUE]

céďuen - vi feast

Cefa - Eleďe name [OV Cefa]

cel - between [CAEL]

celäu - swordsmanship [Cuêzi celāuas from cêla 'sword']

celčelan - vt switch, replace ['between-places']

celdoni - trade, commerce

celdonise - commercial

celdan - vt trade, exchange (conjugated like dan) ['between-give']
celdan carďem pro maslon trade swords for butter
celdan cum kebrénin trade with the Kebreni

celďeltan - vt interpret ['between-change']

celëtesa - judgment, discernment

celëtir - vt judge, discern, distinguish ['pick between']
celëtir oresta discern the truth
celëtir druk co vrakán tell friend from foe
celëtir dy so cairo že judge that the time is right

celftena - arrangement, agreement, deal; engagement

celftenen - vt arrange, set up
celftenen nosan frälinan become engaged to a girl
celftenen miďä set up a party

celise - mutual ['betweenish']

celkestát - transformation, metamorphosis, transmutation

celkestan - vt transform, convert (a substance), transmute ['between types']

celkunom - moneychanger; this is also the term money-lenders (ružkunomî) like to use for themselves ['between-money-man']

cellëc - connection ['between-link']

cellëcan - vt connect to, link up with
cellëcan so laun ad soán carán connect the circle to the square

cellele - transparent ['between-see']

cellimura - cleavage; also, a dress exposing the area between the breasts; compare sullimura ['between breasts']

celmeas - intercourse ['relation between']

celmetan - vt translate; transfer (goods) ['between-put']
zet celmetan (intr.) translate, mean, be translated as (followed by nominative)
zet celmete nočy 'Nōtu' means 'night'

celmetát - translation; transferral

celmetec - translator

celpuyan - interrupt ['between-push']

celpuyo - interruption

celoš - gap, interval ['between-thing']

celošše - intermittent, sporadic ['gappy']

Celošo - Cuzeian name [Celōusio 'swordsman']

celscurise - international ['between countries']

celsfahe - conversation, dialog

celsfahen - vi converse, chat ['between-speech']

celšir - competition [OV celsiř, 'fight between']

celširan - vi compete

celveitát - communication

celveiten - vi communicate ['between' + reborrowed VEITEN 'speak']

celzer - sandwich ['between zerî']

celžanen - vi intervene ['come between']

celžano - intervention

celžene - social ['between people']

cemisa - a unit of measure containing 1000 čimî, about 2500 feet [CAEMICA, the distance round the CAEMA, the largest temple in ancient Ctésifon]

cëmura - column; column of text; page [KILIMURA, from KILIMA 'hill']

ceno - abbot [CAENOS, a type of close-fitting hat worn by the head monk]

cenobát - abbey

ceozë - (archaic) therefore, for that reason

cepelát - loyalty, faithfulness; chastity

cepele - loyal, faithful; chaste [CEPLES 'abstinent', from CEPAN 'abstain']

cepil - brush (for cleaning or combing) [CAEPIL]

cepilan - vt brush

cepsanno - castle commander [CAEP(O)SANNO 'chain (fort) lord']

cer - port [CAER]

cer - masculine (gender) [reborrowing of CER 'male']

ceřecát - alchemy ['between natures']

ceřecom - alchemist

cës - the tenth letter of the Verdurian alphabet, C (transliterated c) [reborrowed form of CES (OV se)]
cës fleade Verdurian name for the X (X) used in Flaidish

cesuan - vt scratch [from dynamic forms of CAESAN 'itch']

cesuul - scratch

ceštan - vt overthrow [KESTAN]

cešteo - overthrow

céšuaš - tribe [Barakhinei keshkuash, from Western keshiguashin]

cevai - chant; solemn song; psalm [CABRAIS]

ci- - this

ciberdel - decision

ciberden - vi decide ['this-path']
Ciberdnai eta so irtekát I made a decision about the rebellion
Ciberdnai and/ak soán irtekatán I decided for/against the rebellion

cici - chirp [imitative]

cician - vi chirp

cicil - cricket (hopping insect, chirps at night)

cierceát - wavering

cierceyen - vi waver [ci er ce, 'these and those']

cilu - police, guardsmen [slang alteration of civru 'copper', from their regalia]

ciluom - policeman, guard

cima - hill [KILIMA, diminutive of dialectal KILA 'mountain']

ciozë - (archaic) therefore, for this reason

cipan - vi boil; be angry [KIPAN]
Šesanei cipan meii Go boil some water
So mey cipe The water is boiling
Činek lë cipe? Is your boss pissed?

cipoš - kettle, pot (for boiling water); teapot ['boil-thing']

cipulan - vi effervesce ['little boiling']

cipulát - effervescence, esp. that produced by reacting acids and alkalis
šalea cipulátei fixed air, carbon dioxide ['air of effervescence']

cira - wife [KIRA]

cirabectia - gymnastics [reborrowing of CIRABECTIA 'body movement']

ciröla - plum [KIRUELA]
ciröla imšešula prune

cirula - (colloq.) little woman, broad, wifey, the better half

cirut - type of songbird [named for its song]

cisa - brush (for painting) [Cuêzi cissa]

cisci - risk

ciscir - vt risk [reborrowing of CISCIR]
Cisce so gintram pro ce-subuďuďen? You risk the throne for those idiot droolings?

cistila - crown; decoration showing a year's military service [reborrowing of CISTILA]

cišcöresa - apathy, lack of will, sloth

cišcöre - apathetic, without will, slothful ['weak-heart']

cišitát - weakness

cišitë - weak [from an intensive form of KISCIS]

cišura - decay; (colloq.) crush

cišuran - vi decay; weaken; (colloq.) have a crush on [KISCURAN 'weaken']
Ihano cišure prî Rahelin Ihano has a crush on Raheli

Civea - Cuzeian name (m.) [civēyas 'submission (to Eleď)']

civru - copper [KIBRU]
civru verdul, civru crežul verdigris, copper acetate ['greened' or 'eaten' copper]

ciy - epoch, age, era [KILIS]
Ftore Ciy, Ciy Iliuë Second Age, Age of Ilii
Ciy Ženië The Age of Peoples

clačir - vi burst; hatch [CLATIR]

Cläďa - Eleďe name [OV Clauďia]

Cläďo - Eleďe name [OV Clauďio]

claë - bright [CLAIES]

claesa - brightness (also spelled claësa)

clai- - bright (OV name element) [CLAIES]

clas - swing [back-formation from clasmir]

clasmir - vt wield (a weapon); swing; hack (add unaccented -i- before a consonant: past clásmiru, etc.) [reborrowing of CLASMIR 'swing a sword']

clečura - cabal [CLAETURA, from CLAETUS 'oath']
soa Ružë Clečura the Red Cabal
voitec im clečura join a cabal

cleir - majestic, powerful, assured, mature, virtuoso; medium red wine ['clero-like']

cleiresa - majesty, confidence, maturity

clek - fist [CLEKh]

Clemet - Eleďe name [OV Clement]

clero - bass horn [CLERUS 'cow-bell']

clesnát - frugality

clesny - frugal [CLECNIS 'tight-fisted']

cletana - seminary for Caďinorian priests; military academy [CLAETANDA, place where one takes a CLAETUS 'oath']

cletandre - pedantic, scholastic, nit-picking [CLAETANDRES 'relating to a cletana']

cletanom - seminarian; cadet

cletandoro - dean of a seminary [CLAETANDORION]

cleura - cage [CLEKhURA 'cage, trap' from CLEKh 'fist']

cliďel - statute, ordinance (subordinate to a cazo) [CLIŤEL 'statement']

cliďu - priest [AIĎOCLIŤUS 'priest, god-speaker', from AIĎOS 'god' + CLIŤEC 'speak (ceremonially)']

cloš - bell [CLOSCOS]

co - by, along, alongside; compared to [CO]
co aknon beside the window
co prosian along the street
co soán šohán compared to the duke

coacino - irony; double entendre ['hear (another meaning) alongside']

coamrab - privilege ['alongside-law'; from the separate law for nobles in medieval times]

coamrábise - privileged, above the law

coanelo - latitude, parallel ['along-ring']
daluy coanelo equator

coašesa - comparison

coašir - vt compare, match, relate, appraise ['think alongside']

coašul - relative, as compared to ['compared']
so lešel ořei coašulei aržentán the price of gold relative to silver
Řo benfas sul coašulece It's relatively nice out; it's nice, comparatively speaking

cocrivan - vt countersign ['alongside-write']

cocrivel - counter-signature

coe - caw [imitative]

coec - crow, raven (black, smart, chicken-sized scavenger)

coelibode - romance (work of art) [Cuêzi coêliboede, from coêliboe 'love-inducing']

coen - vi caw, croak

cofil - warp (of fabric) [COFIL]

cogia - adultery

cogir - vi commit adultery [reborrowing of COGIR 'fornicate']
cogir cum ouandán commit adultery with a neighbor

cogul - n bastard; a illegitimate

colädan - vi complement each other, get along ['go along (together)']

colapreca - help, assistance

colapren - vt help, assist [reborrowing of COLAPREN 'run alongside, support, assist']

colaprec - assistant; in plural staff

colën - parallel line ['line alongside']

colënise - parallel

colep - type of fish [COLEPIOS]

Colibe - Cuzeian name [coêliboe 'love-inducing']

colir - vt gather; receive, take; focus (light) [CULLIR]
zet colir assemble, get together

Colira - Cuzeian name (m.) [coelīras 'devotion']

colnáe - common room (e.g. in a tavern) ['gather-place']

colo - calf of leg [COLLO]

coltiel - focus (of a lens) ['gather-point']

com - prep as, like, in the way of [OV comül, from CUM IULIN 'in the way of']
com řovoitulan like a virgin
com šuščatán huyonán like a dead chicken

com - marvel (OV name element) [CUOMOS]

Coma - Eleďe name [OV Cosma]

comcrifát - script, writing ['as written']

comcrifata - lower case

comdalue - princely, luxurious ['like a king']

comdruke - amiable ['like a friend']

cometan - join, combine, sew together ['put next to']

cometát - combination, joining

cometel - joint, seam

comfante - diligent, hard-working ['like a spirit']

comit - count, county governor [reborrowing of COMITOS, 'count']

comlefát - malice

comlefe - wolfish, malicious ['like a wolf']

commizo - semi-refrain ['say like']

Como - Eleďe name [OV Cosmo]

comšayne - similar

comšaynir - vt resemble ['appear like']

conďayec - vt justify, defend ['like right']

conďayeca - justification, defense (of an idea)

cont - count, earl [COMITOS]

contana - county [COMITANDA]

coprós - ad, prep since [co + apros]
coprós eldënán since noon
coprós dy so dalu šušde since the King died
So šoh řo zet lele coprós The duke has not been seen since

copuyan - vi force ['push alongside']
copuyan hipsalďir mallon soán šohán force the duke to submit to an indignity
zen copuyan lädan force oneself to go

copuyo - force

cöd - core, pit, kernel, yolk [CUEDOS]

cöne - adj core, basic, fundamental [late Caď. CUEDNES]

cör - heart (archaic) [OV cör, cödr, from CUEDROS]

cora - a small river trader, with a sail [CORA, from Monkhayic; cf. Meť. koadu 'fast thing'; the r/d correspondence is also seen in MOKhNARU vs. Monkhado 'Monkhayu']

corë - court (royal or noble household) [CURIES]

corëne - courtly; formal

coriy - Curiyan

Cornél - Eleďe name [OV Cornelio]

corona - a military riverboat, the main protector of Verduria's river trade; or a large trading boat [CORONDA 'big riverboat']

corp - bribe

corpát - bribery

cořřaner - cherish ['heart-keep']

corže - canyon [CORGE]

corun - Kurundasti, Jippirasti, Tžuro [CORONDASTES]

cos - left [CORSOS]

cot - side; (grammar) case, person; margin [COŤOS]
cot sfahecei first person
cot oecei second person
cot telië third person
se-cot first person singular (etc.)
anei cotei... otrei cotei on the one hand... on the other hand

cotřez - hobby, pastime ['side-work']

cotuepen - vt balance, equal ['sides equal']

covaler - vt assess the value of [com + valer 'be worth']
Covalre dom esë po 4500 ořulen He assessed my house as being worth 4500 ořulî

cöze - byzantine, intrigue-filled; elaborate; (archaic) Cuzeian [CUEZISES, Cuêzi cuêzise]

cožanen - happen at the same time or by coincidence ['happen alongside']
cožanec coincidental, concurrent

cožano - coincidence, co-occurence

craď - type of fish

crama - grill, grate [CRATIMA, dim. of CRATIS 'framework']

cramen - vt grill

cranka - mesh [OV dim. of crama]

crator - ruby [CURANTOR, from Cuêzi curantōre, from Elkarîl kurântur]

creče - pleasant, agreeable [CRETRES, from CRETES 'happy']

credre - caustic, alkaline, basic [OV crede, corrected from its original CREIDRES, from CREIDAS 'lime']

creec - the Creator

crefu - dusk [CREFU]

crefuselta - twilight ['dusk-light']

creir - vt create [CREIR]

creisa - creation

crešir - vi/vt grow [CRESCIR]

crešë - growth [CRESCILE]

crete - glad [reborrowing of CRETES 'glad, happy']

crešmädörn - rhythmic, compelling, primal, sad; marked by a majestic rise and an inevitable fall ['growing-majestic']

crešvoce - compelling, ascendant; marked by a long rise from small beginnings ['grow-calling']

creza - (m) lime, quicklime (calcium oxide); classroom chalk [CREIDAS, from Cuêzi creidas 'eating substance']

crezapër - limestone, chalk (calcium carbonate) ['lime rock']

crežen - vt eat; alchemy corrode [CREGEN]
crežec (alchemy) corrosive

crežeo - eating [CREGEIO]

crif - scroll; ledger; manuscript; menu (e.g. of a restaurant) [CRIVOS]
leta crifei unit of account ['coin of the ledger']
oř crifei Érenati unit of account, based on the old gold oř

crifát - the art of writing

crifom - scribe

crifpër - graphite ['write-stone']
crifpër Benécë molybdenite (MoS2) ['Benécian graphite']

crifsäte - scriptorium

crivan - vt write [CRIVAN, from CRIVOS 'scroll']
crivan den fill out a form

crivát - writing

crivec - writer

crivel - text; explicandum of a commentary

crivogués - bureaucracy ['scroll-power']

crivoguesom - bureaucrat

crižžen - vi party hearty [CREGINSEN, prolongative of CREGEN 'eat']

crocan - vt gorge, pig out (on)

crocec - glutton, pig

crundina - a very long brass instrument [OV crungadina 'triple trumpet']

crunya - trumpet [CRUNGA]

crur - leg [CRUROS]

cruřizo - buttock ['leg-root']

crusan - vt stretch, reach
crusan braki stretch one's legs
crusan pakán scorson reach for a nearby branch
crusul (colloq.) tense, uptight

cruseo - stretch, reach

cruy - tight; steep, plunging; sharp (of curves); obscene vagina

ctanec - future tense [reborrowing of CTANEC 'coming']

ctel - person, party [reborrowing of CTEL 'individual']

Ctelm - the Ctelm mountain range east of the Plain [*CŤAENEME, variant of CAEŤMENE, from Meť. Gauthmene 'hills of dawn']

Ctésifon - Ctésifon, capital of Caďinas and of the modern state of Ctésifon; in speech always and in writing often Žésifo [reborrowing from CTESIFON; earlier CTESIFOS]

ctuzete - artificial [from Ctuzo]

Ctuzo - God of Manufacturing [reborrowing of CTUZO]

cu- - prepositional prefix roughly, somewhat [com]
cune around, near

cucuri - weight of 6.071 kg, 10 süroi [CUCURIS]

cucurú - cock-a-doodle-doo [imitative]

cucuruan - vi crow

cučec - vt attack [Ctésifoni dialect; from CUTEC]

cučeo - attack

cučil - tick (tiny parasitic insect) [CUTIL, from CUTEC 'attack']

cuda - elbow [CULDA]
cuda-dos (invar.) cramped, crowded

cüe - oil [KINHE]
cüe Kare petroleum ['oil of Kara'-- an area where it is found on the surface]

cüeden - vt anoint

Cüedul - the Anointed, the Messiah, the Christ, Eleď

cuéh - quack [imitative]

cuehen - vi quack

cuelzulë - proud, clean, happy, brassy, honest; suggesting Handel's Water Music ['gather-joy']

cuenda - festival [CURENDA]

Cuendaya - Lesser Festival

Cuéndimar - third month; Grand Festival in this month

cuero - host [CULERION]

cues - question; question mark (?)

cuesan - vt ask [CURESAN]
cuesan cues ask a question
zen cuesan wonder

cuesrëcen - vt introduce ['ask aquaintance']
cuesrëcen Ihanam Rahelin introduce Ihano to Raheli
Zen mifanei zen cuesrëcen Allow me to introduce oneself

cuesrëco - introduction
brevë cuesrëcei letter of introduction

cuezi - Cuêzi, the Cuzeian language [Cuêzi Cuêzi]

cuim - prep around, about [cu + im]
cuim domán about the house, somewhere in the house

culanul - pastry, small cake, torte [after Surcont Culán, who made them fashionable]

culë - gathering, reception; collection; course or class (at school) [CULILE]
slušir culä take a class

culisa - fleet [Kebreni kulisa 'what is commanded']

culpa - blame [reborrowing of CULPA (OV cupa)]

culpir - vi blame, accuse [CULPIR]
Raheli culpre Ihanon ad soan žankan Raheli blamed Ihano for the accident

culso - admiral, commodore [Kebreni kulseu 'commander', from kulsu 'command']

cum - prep with, among [CUM]
cum ti-drukin with some friends
cum zen personally, unassisted
cum lënin with stripes
dëguran cum soán lescomán haggle with the marketwoman
mevel cum Kebrin a treaty with Kebri

cumaudët - conditions, terms [LET CUMALDILEŤ 'if you accept', common legal formula]
dan cumaudëti zië state one's terms
Prinimom ce-cumadëti We accept those conditions

cumasát - nursing; care, protection, oversight

cumasec - nurse

cumásuir - vt nurse; care, care for ['sit with']

cumbectia - syntax [reborrowing of CUMBECTIA, from CUM 'with' + BECTIA 'movement']

cumbeme - alert ['with a head']

cumbrigát - defense

cumbrigan - vt defend ['fight with']
cumbrigan soa mažtana ak vrakin lë defend the city against its enemies

cumbutát - partnership, company (organized for business or any other common end)
cumbutát and alaďean orchestra
cumbutát imbineyul limited liability corporation (Verdurian law)

cumbutise - harmonious, allied, having the same values or goal(s)

cumbutom - partner ['man with (same) goal']

cumepesa - capacity, power
cumepesa irzovec the ability to win

cumepan - vi to be capable of ['with-can']
cumepan legan to be capable of lying

cumeliräm - fiancé ['to be lived with']

cumetu - seafood salad in the Ismaîn style [earlier cumétiu; Ismaîn kumetil, literally 'arrangement', from CUM 'with' + METTAN 'put']

cumfriseo - excitement, thrill

cumfriser - vt excite, thrill ['with-shake']

cumlädan - vt accompany; join, combine ['go with']
cumlädan Ihanam Deštain accompany Ihano to Deštai
cumlädan oligum join a group
cumlädan soa creča ad soán fayulán join the pleasant to the necesary (i.e. combine business and pleasure)

cumlelen - vt witness ['with-see']

cumlelom - witness

cumlübec - vi sleep together; usually takes plural subjects (genteel in tone) ['with-love']
Ihano er Raheli cumlübu Ihano and Raheli are sleeping together

cummev - collective action against an employer or landlord; boycott, strike

cummevan - vi act collectively; strike, boycott [MEBRAN]
cummevan ak činekán act against the boss
šesan cummevan soin hutoromin organize the farmers to act collectively

cummizec - vi agree ['with-say']
Cummizao miyirece soán dalun I agree with the King, of course

cummizo - agreement
cummizo cum soán ouandán eta so arb traforhec an agreement with the neighbor about the overhanging tree

cumnuven - vi sleep together (equivalent in tone and meaning to English 'make love') ['(go) to bed with']
Pro lengen cumnuvnu We made love for hours

cumon - ally [cumon 'with-man']

cumonora - league ['collection of allies']
Cumonora i Scafiora The Scafiora League

cumorgát - bitterness, contempt

cumorge - bitter, cynical, angry at the world, contemptuously defiant ['with morbidity']

cumoteran - vt understand, grasp, realize; sympathize ['know with']
Cumoterai suspilavát lë I understand your suffering (acc.)
Cumoterai redelcen I understand women (dat.)

cumoterát - society, profession, fellowship; specically the association of those initiated into the 'closed' professions such as medicine, law, alchemy, or magic

cumoterul - fellow, member of such a fellowship

cumotery - understanding

cumpogan - vt perfect [CUMPUGAN, loan-translation of Cuêzi sofusê, so- 'with' fusê 'complete']

cumpogul - perfect, perfected; unrestricted, total
cumpogulece totally, perfectly, absolutely

cumprenäm - context, background ['to be understood']

cumprenan - vt understand; include; engender ['take with']
Řo cumprenai so uklam I don't understand the proof
Lübor cumprene ši-olotem Love encompasses all feelings

cumprosan - vi parade, march ['walk together']

cumproseo - parade, march
Išet Cumproseo Solemn March celebrating the harvest

cumpužeo - perfection [CUMPUGEIO]

cumřez - cooperation, collaboration

cumřezen - vi cooperate, collaborate ['work together']

cumšadan - vt escort (prisoners or guests); ride together ['ride with']

cumšadom - a military escort; fellow rider

cumuna - town [CUMUNDA, augmentative of CUMA 'hearth']

cumyonom - companion ['person to share bread with']
cumyonom vëčerei dinner partner, date

cuncolir - organize, form (a cunculë) ['gather with']

cuncorë - meeting, session [CUNCURIES]

cuncreniy - heartfelt; vehement ['with feeling']

cunculë - organization, association, society, company; a trade association or lesser guild [cum 'with' + culë 'collection']

cüncüni - whine, whimper [imitative]

cüncünir - vi whine, whimper

cuncuresa - joint custody, ownership, or use

cuncurec - have joint custody, ownership, or use of ['hold together']

cuncurul - joint, common, jointly owned

cuncurian - vi meet, sit (as an assembly) [CUNCURIAN 'deliberate with']

cundrožir - vt leaven; (colloq.) impregnate ['with yeast']

cundrožul - pregnant

cune - prep around, somewhere near (in time or space)
cune eldënán about noon
cune soán domán somwhere around the house

cunënia - oppression, repression

cunënir - oppress, repress [CUNGAENIR]

cunësan - vt trust [CUNGESAN, lit. 'with (the same) god']
So dalu cunëse reďréem zië The king trusts his ministers
Cunësai volematán lë I trust in your good will

cunësát - trust

cunire - tedious [OV cundisre 'annoying', from CUMDISRES 'seething', CUMDISAN 'seethe', from CUM 'with' + DISAN 'hate']

cuniresa - tedium

cunkonsia - consulation, conference

cunkonsir - vt consult, confer ['counsel with']

cunnaž - confederacy

cunnažan - vi confederate (cum) ['rule together']

cunnažise - confederate; Svetlan

cunya - swan (large, pretty, white lake or swamp-dwelling bird) [*CUNGA, variant of CUGNA]

cuon - dog (small predator, domesticated form of the lef ); lout [CUONOS]

cup - blow, hit

cupan - vt box, fight

cupi - fisticuffs, fight [cupî 'blows']

cuplana - canvas [cuplia 'hemp' + -ana]

cuplanom - sailmaker

cuplia - hemp, marijuana [CONOPLIA]

curaise - abstract

cürana - curacy

curaya - reason [CURAIA 'argumentation', orig. 'brooding', from CURA 'hen']

curayen - vi reason, argue

curayora - argument, proof; discourse; logic

cüre - curate [Avélan dialect; abbreviation of vacüre; see vacuran]

curec - vt hold; vi restrain [CURREC]
zen curec dën have a day off
zet curec abstain, hold back, refrain
Ihano curce ciran zië baďir so imfát Ihano kept his wife from hitting the child

curesäm - responsible [CURESAUM 'the one to be asked']

curesát - responsibility

curesec - interrogative, question word [reborrowing of CURESEC 'asking']

curien - vt deliberate, consider (as in courts, offices); review (a case) [CURIEN]
So sud curime precet lë The Court will consider your petition

curizec - vt grasp, grip [CURRINSEC, prolongative of CURREC 'hold']

curizeo - grasp, grip

curka - hen [OV diminutive, from CURA]

cürnu - a small silver coin of Kebri or Érenat [Kebreni kuirnu 'half (an alat)']
cürnu sutam a small Kebreni gold coin [Kebreni kuirnu suiťum]

curo - hold (on something)

curolec - vi sparkle, scintillate [CUROLEC]

curonan - vt scan; edit, revise ['check roughly']

curonec - editor

curoni - scan, edit, revision

curoš - pliers

curulë - star (fixed astronomical object) [CUROLILE, variant of CULORILE 'star', from CUROLEC 'sparkle']

curulelát - navigation

curulelen - vi navigate ['see stars']

curulëra - constellation

curulora - contents [from curul 'what is held']

Curym - the largest continent in the northern hemisphere

cuteio - (apoplectic) stroke [reborrowing of CUTEIO 'attack, stroke']

cuyo - spoon; as a measuring unit, 3 miî, 1/4 verae (1.4 tbsp.) [CULGO]

cuzeë - Cuzeian

Cuzei - Cuzei [Benécian Cûzêy, from CUEZAIE, from Cuêzi Cuêzaye]

cüzir - vt/vi close [from dynamic forms of CIUDER 'close']

cyager - vt flog [CLAGER]

cyagito - flogging

Č Ç [To Index]

čačayëse - dim, slow to understand ['slow-eyed', i.e. one with bad leria ]

čačë - slow [Curiyan čeče 'sluggish']

čai - tea [Uytain tsai]

čaináe - tearoom

čaise - of tea; pale in skin color (by Verdurian standards)

čambra - grand council; chamber [TIAMORA]

čamzan - vt bite [OV čam, sound of a bite]

čamzel - bite

čana - pot [TUANA]

čanát - pottery

čanom - potter

časet - stamp, seal

čascurec - vi hope ['hold-flame']

čascuro - hope

časka - spark [OV diminutive of čurasa 'flame', from TURAN 'burn']

časiššelát - despair, despondency

časiššelec - vi despair ['lose-flame']

čayma - tent [Barakhinei chaîma, from Western chaimba 'portable (shelter)', itself derived from Naviu kaya 'shelter']

če- - four (combination form)

čeču - candy, sweets [baby-talk for tsesul 'sweet']

čedec - forty [TIEDECT]

čedesnaga - centipede (pl. čedesnaži) ['forty feet']

čedešro - colonel [TIEDECTESCRION 'master of troops,' from TIEDECT 'forty (men)' + ESCRION 'headman']

čeďo - palm of hand [TIEŤUS]

čehát - sculpting, sculpture

čehen - vt sculpt [TEKhREN, through Ctésifoni dialect]

čehom - sculptor

čehoš - sculpture

čel - place [TIEL 'point, entity', from TIAN 'exist, endure']
Čel Šorui hell

čelt - evil [CŤELT]

čéltevar - archdemon [čelt 'evil' + efar 'lord']

čem - card

čemora - deck of cards

čen - the seventeenth letter of the Verdurian alphabet, Ç, transliterated Č
čen ismaë Verdurian name for the OE (Ç) used in Ismaîn
čen vuáë Verdurian name for the J (j) used in Caizu, Ismaîn, Flaidish

čena - meal (especially a smaller one, not the prando) [TIENNA]

čerene - prudent [TIRENES]

čereon - prudence

čésula - scale [diminutive of češa]

česura - bark (of tree)

češa - shell, skin (e.g. of fruit) [OV čureša, from TUESCA]

četve - fourth [TIETNES, from proto-Eastern *tyetenes 'of the palm', from *tyetau 'palm'; the image being that of four fingers extended, revealing the palm]

Čey - Čeiy [Xurnáš Čeiy]

čeya - rib [TEILA]

čiam - forever; eternity [TIAUM 'what will endure']

čičaumát - variation

čičaumec - vi vary [OV expression či-ča-ču 'all different ways']
Čičaume po sues eden so dën It varies by six edî a day

čihan - vi sneeze [TIKhAN]

čil - each [TIL]

čilanë - napkin ['each (one's) linen']

čildan - vt distribute; (math) divide (conj. like dan) ['give to each']
Čildanei soem luomem infátin Distribute the apples to the children

čildoni - distribution; division
el čildonë arithmetic mean

čilepdëne - weekly ['each week']

čiliažëe - monthly ['each month']

čilise - usual, ordinary

čima - pace (.758 m); musical note [TIMA 'step']

čimora - footprints; traces, spoor

čimoren - vt track, trace, trail

čine - dish, plate [TINE]
čine ledli fine china plate

činecan - vt run, manage, boss

činek - boss [OV slang diminutive of činya 'triangle' (i.e. as military signal)]

činya - triangle (or other high-pitched percussion instrument) [TRINGA]

činzik - gooseberry [Barakhinei chinzikh 'bride's berry', from a belief that eating them would attract a man; from GINA 'maiden' + ZIKhE 'berry']

činžeda - anchor [TINDIGEDA, from Meťaiun tind- 'stay' + geda 'stone']

čiplin - bugle [(CRUNGA) TIPELIN '(trumpet) for horses']

čira - crack [TIRA]

čiren - vi crack

čirnu - deck (of a ship) [Kebreni cirnu, nom. of ciri 'stand']

čiron - elephant (very large, tusked, rideable herbivore, found in savannah) [TIROND]

čironduri - tusk; ivory ['elephant tooth']

čisiát - sharpness

čisčic - bauble, trinket [TICITIC 'tinkling thing']

čisy - sharp; discriminating, subtle [TISIS]
čisy labi a discriminating palate
čisy ambresa good taste

čiste - pure [TISTES]

čismiše - mocking, witty; cuttingly satirical [OV 'sharpest']

čisimen - vi make a pun; play with words
čisimen ak nomán make a pun on a name
čisimen ab ložin play with words

čisimotá - pun

čisuemse - sensitive, touchy ['sharp-hearted']

čište - Ismaîn guitar (rather like a mandolin) [Ismaîn çis,te, from CISTA 'box']

čivi - pain [TIBRIS]

čivicole - sadistic ['loving pain']

čividonec - painful ['giving pain']

čivinye - sympathetic ['gentle (amid) pain']

čiža - cactus [TIGESA]

čor - flow; (ocean) current
so zol čor (river) current

čoran - vi flow, run; cry [TUORAN]

čorec - flowing; fluent

čorižina - type of flower ['cry, girl']

čošava - mercury [TUORESAMBAS, from Cuêzi tōure- 'flowing' + sambas 'bright stuff']
credeca čošava mercuric chloride (corrosive sublimate)

čuca - spot, mark (pl. čusî) [TUCA]

čucul - leopard, panther (medium-sized, spotted predator) ['spotted']

čuč - (slang) bastard, asshole, salaud [older čucse 'spotty']

čuél - calx, the powder (generally an oxide) resulting from roasting a metal or ore [TUREL 'result of burning']
čuél plomei white lead (a compound of lead carbonate and lead hydrate)
čuél camside white arsenic (arsenic trioxide)
čuél čošave red precipitate (mercuric oxide)
čuél mlakonei coke

čuelan - vt/vi calcine, reduce to a calx

čuelát - calcination

čueže - stiff, rigid [TUGES]

čüma - plague [TIUMA]

čümána - hospital or sanitorium for treating the plague, leprosy, or other highly contagious diseases [TIUMANDA]

čumesa - (colloquial) smarts, brains

čume - (colloquial) smart, brainy

čümka - stink, stench

čümse - malodorous, noisome, stinking ['plaguish']

čümsen - vi stink
Čümsei ab alyon You stink of garlic

čun - oak (tall, very strong deciduous tree) [TUND]

čunanen - vt spot, mark, stain [TUCANDEN]

čunanul - stained; stain; something stained or spotted

čunašea - orthodoxy ['oak-thought']

čunido - acorn

čunima - shield; arms, noble emblem; card bearing such an emblem; a Caďinorian coin, still the unit of account in Žésifo [TUANIMA or *TUNIMA 'small pot', soldiers' slang for 'shield']

čunimát - heraldry

čupát - idiocy [from TUP 'dumb, mute']

čupiser - daze, stupefy [TUPICER 'make mute']

čupom - idiot

čupotá - an idiotic act

čuprášen - vi swoon, faint and fall down

čupre - unconscious, unaware [TUPRES, from TUP 'dumb, mute']

čuprec - faint, dizzy

čuprel - faint, fainting spell, loss of consciousness

čupren - vi faint, lose consciousness

čupse - idiotic

čura - pear [TURA]

čurarb - pear tree

čurata - hearth [from tšurát 'burning']

čusë - mud [TUSILE, from TUZA 'shit']

čustát - frequency

čuste - frequent; common, usual [TUSTES]

čüta - scales, balance [TINETA, from TINE 'dish' + collective -TA]

čuza - shit; by extension, goods, loot, share, money, trouble, shoddy stuff [TUZA]

čužát - rigidity [see čueže ]

čužec - starch [TUGENDEC, from TUGENDAN 'stiffen']

D D [To Index]

dacdacir - vi babble [imitative]

daďuša - jade [DAŤUSIA, from DAŤUSOS, a mountain town where it was mined]

dafro - piece of furniture

dai - I give (cf. dan)

dah - the thirteenth letter of the Verdurian alphabet, D, transliterated D [DAKh]

dallengát - reign ['king-length']

dalom - ambassador ['king's man']

dalomnáe - embassy

dalu - king [DALU 'prince'; the semantic change derives from the Caďinorian custom of appointing princes as governors; as royals they had more authority]
Dalî Epiphany
dalu maris prince consort

dálua - kingdom

dálues - jovial, good, strong-- suggesting a powerful man in a good humor

dálugues - monarchy ['king-power']

dalumize - official, standard [dalu mis 'the king says']

daluy - adj royal; national; (slang) good in bed; n a gold coin of Solhai or Viminia

dan - vt give; spend; issue (pres. dai...; past donai...; past ant. donerai...; fut. domai...; cond. doncelai...; participles donec, donul, donäm) [DAN]
Done so ivram soán řezecán He gave the book to the laborer

dan - (archaic) village [DANDOS 'settlement, (something) laid out']

däri - seagull [DAURIS, from Meť.]

darove - healthy, wholesome [DOROVES]

darovë - health

daroveviso - medicine ['study of health']

das - board, plank [DASOS]

dasco - animal; Pagan given name [reborrowing of DASCO; cf. dašo]

dascoviso - zoology ['study of animals']

dasek - tray, panel; cutting board [OV dim. of das]

dašo - beast (OV name element) [DASCO]

dauš - tiger (large striped predator, related to čuculî ) [Rafsani dâws,]

dautë - one-eyed; Cyclops ['gouged']

dauten - vt chisel, gouge

dauto - chisel [DALTOR]

dažika - sieve [OV dim. of dažy]

dažiken - vt sift

dažy - framework (of a house, ship, etc.); grid [DACTIS]
säten so dažim domei put up the framework of the house

de - of, from, off [DE]
tombir de mettan fall off the table
žanan de Deštain come from Deštai
kuna de pirodonulán money from an inheritance
akprenan ontediďa de redelcén rob a woman of her watch
ana redelcë de muďe one woman more, one extra woman
Ilet tražne de sfeluca They dragged it from the cave (acc.)
Prenne so anelam de manam lië He took the ring off her finger (acc.)
Anelo e de manon lë The ring is from her finger
Zet fas de filán They make it out of wire

de - he/she gives (cf. dan)

deberan - vt unlock; reveal, initiate [DEBAERAN-- see ber]
deberne soem tainem smericán lië he revealed the secrets (acc.) to his disciple (dat.)

deberát - initiation

debiyetan - vt (with acc.) remove from the electorship or from the nobility; vi (with dat.) remove from consideration [cf. biyeta]

debresen - vt unwrap [cf. bres]
Zen debrese so bres She unwrapped her breast-band

debút - beginning

debutan - vt start, incur [DEBUTAN 'begin (a contest)'. Originally a command to the servants preparing an archery target to move away so the shooting could begin]
debutan šendum start a game

dec - ten [late Caď. DEC, from DECT]

decďún - twelve

decďín - thirteen

decë - tenth, tithe; tax

dechép - seventeen

decpán - fifteen

decpár - fourteen

decsenge - vicarate ['ten presbyterates']

decsués - sixteen

decyen - vt tax (also written decën) ['(take) one-tenth']
decyen so žen po decďún ořulen so bem tax the people at twelve ořulî the head

dečelan - vt displace ['out of place']

dečia - binding, restraint

dečiplan - dismount [*DETIPELAN 'from horse']

dečir - vt bind, tie, restrain [DETIR]
zet dečir commit to (+ infinitive)

dede - shaky [synaesthetic]

deďëse - oblique, askew [DEĎIESES]

deëžan - vt pluck [de + 'feather']

defasadir - vi set out from, advance ['forward from']
defasadir is Verdurian-mažtanan set out from Verduria city

defucan - vi fade, discolor [DEFUCAN, from DE 'away, off' + FUCA 'color']
defucul faded, discolored

defulüren - vt erase ['un-ink']

degriman - vt deduce; infer ['pull out']

degrimeo - deduction, inference

dëguran - vi haggle, negotiate [DERGEN 'tug' + -URA]
dëguran cum Šustanan plough the sea, waste one's time (lit., bargain with Šustana)

dekaši - revelation

dekašir - vt reveal ['unhide']

dëker - vt reciprocate, return a favor [DENKER 'reciprocate, respond']
dëker donul reciprocate a gift

dëkuir - vi thank
dëkuir drukán pro cuplian thank a friend for the hemp

dëkuy - thanks, a thank you [DENKUIS 'reciprocal'; i.e. "It must be reciprocated"]

delädan - vi depart ['go (away) from']
delädan de scafin depart from the pier
delädan až vižulán depart from the ordinary

dëlaun - feeling despair or depression amid triumph or success [Cuêzi dunlāunas 'movement in a circle'; i.e. feverish but pointless activity or emotion]

delažec - vt receive, inherit ['acquire from']

delendát - disorder, turmoil
prosec delendát disturbance of the peace

delendan - vt disorder, disarrange, scramble [DELENDAN '(put) out of line']

dembrea - existence

dembir - vi exist [DEMERIR 'exist, create']

demeča - spring [DEMETRIA]

demedau - loss [Kebreni demedau, from demedu 'subtract', borrowed from DEMETTAN]

demeric - present (time) [reborrowing of DEMERIC '(presently) existing']
so demeric dalu the current king

demetan - vt subtract; unload (an animal or wagon) [DEMETTAN 'put off']
demetan perem hicet de ftoren subtract the first number from the second

demeto - subtraction; unloading

demettene - money-losing, unprofitable

den - document; form [DAENOS, 'paper']
crivan den fill out a form

dën - day, date [DENNOS]
So dën nosei e ceďnare The wedding is set for ceďnare

déneca - persistence

deníe - (open) homosexual, gay [after Miluran Dení, an artist in Mëranac's time]

denomát - dismissal

denomen - vt dismiss [de + 'name']
denomen so nrüsk munëin lë dismiss the fool from his job
zet denomen resign, renounce
zet denomen ižeďen elirán zë renounce one's former life

denozir - vt undo (esp. a knot); detach ['off-knot']

dénuir - vi continue, keep on, persist [dynamic tenses of DENEC 'persist']
Sen dénue I'm used to it

dénuo - continually; habitually; repeatedly

densäte - archives ['hall of documents']

dënšadu - one day's ride. By convention, 80 cemisî (60.64 km); this corresponds to a full day's stagecoach travel-- riding all day and all night, 240 cemisî could be travelled. Messages may be sent by relays of racing horses at a rate of up to 400 cemisî in a 24-hour period ['day-ride']

depiran - vt brew (beer) ['ferment off']

depirom - brewer

depiser - vt unfold [de + 'fold']

deprenan - vt remove, steal ['off-take']
deprene de soin bogatuin steal from the rich

deprenec - robber

deprosan - vt depend on; be subordinate to [orig. derprosan, 'walk behind']

deprosec - subordinate, dependent

derë - behind [DERILE 'backup']
derë soan pavona behind the wagon

derec - vi pledge; vt support (e.g. a claimant), serve; [DEREC 'back up']
zet derec dedicate or devote oneself (to)
Derao cum lonán dy e orest I pledge my honor it's true
Et derao abbosan I'm determined to succeed

derel - pledge, collateral

Derigima - slum neighborhood of Avéla [derë ciman 'behind the hill']

derigime - a fast, noisy dance (originating in Derigima)

dernë - last, final [OV de renë 'in the end', from RENILES 'exhaustively', from RENES 'again']

deryolo - the back of the knee ['behind-knee']

deřaner - vt unleash [de + řaner]

des - several; various [DEIS 'various']

dësan - vi come into being [de + esan 'be']

desaten - vt demolish, wreck; abolish, repeal ['unbuild']

descairon - a occasional; adv sometimes, now and then, several times ['several opportunities']

deseltaven - vt extinguish [de- + 'light']

dessuan - vt wipe, wipe clean ['unwet']

desi - bridge [DESIS]

desider - vt order, send for (use dat. for people) [DESIDER 'select', from SIDER 'offer']
desider zer send out for pizza
desider soan snucán send for the servant

desidi - order

desisir - vt oppose, contradict, take the other side [DECISIR 'slide away']
desisu on the contrary
desisec opponent; opposite
desisec fako The Opposition, in the Esčambra

desizer - vt quench (one's thirst)
zet desizer refresh oneself; (colloq.) have a drink [de- + 'thirst']

deskuna - toll ['bridge-money']

desnév - nineteen [late Caď. *DEC NEBRI]

desüeca - prevention

desüen - vi prevent, block [dynamic tenses of DESIEN 'stop']
desüen tšurán prevent a fire
They kept me from eating the meat Sen desünu crežen so myasam

dësul - creature ['that has come to be']

desurčelan - vt distract ['off concentration']
zet desurčelan become distracted, lose one's concentration

dešen - vi stop (doing something), quit [DESIEN]
Eluá činek, dešenei ďuďir Here's the boss, stop babbling like an idiot
Et dešai [mizec] And so on-- lit., I stop myself from saying (more)
Deši! Stop that!

detombe - decadent

detombir - vi decline, fall, become corrupt [de + 'fall']

detombo - decadence

detoš - fastener; buckle [*DETOSIOS 'binding thing']

detöšen - vt geld, castrate [DETUESCEN 'unshell']

detöšul - gelding

detranen - vt cut off, sever ['cut off']

deuligec - vt untie, unfasten, sever [de + oligec, join]

Deutaya - Goddess of Cities

deuveren - vt take off, doff ['off-clothes']
deuveren lanika take off one's underwear

deväm - debt, obligation; by extension, sin, especially in reference to God

devec - debtor; sinner; (archaic) vassal

devhezát - indentured servitude
mevel devhezátei indenture

devhezec - indentured servant ['must work']

devir - vt must, have to; owe; to be sinful [DEBRIR]
devir lädan Deštain to have to go to Deštai
Devu sues ořulem soán loëcán I owe six gold pieces to the landlord
Prî Aďán fsya devum Before God all of us are sinful

deyeen - vt blind [de + 'eyes']

deyodimo - mass ['matter-amount']

deyon - matter (as opposed to energy or spirit) [DEION, from Cuêzi deōn 'raw materials, matter', from dei 'use']

deyonise - material, physical

dezike - conj while, as [DE DIŤAN KEDA 'at the time when']
dezike dormru so naž as the nation slept
dezike siča prosmai while I was walking

dež - right (direction) [DEGES]

dežán - eleven [late Caď. *DEC AN]

dëžen - vt tug, pull [DERGEN]

dežóc - eighteen [late Caď. *DEC IOCI]

dicenarda - scurvy [DICENARDA 'gum disease']

dičura - zither, high-pitched stringed instrument

dičy - sweet, nice [DITRIS 'gentle, innocent' from DITOS 'baby']

diďa - time; (grammatical) tense; stage of life m. [DIŤAS]

diďitise - delicate, pretty; ethereal, otherworldly ['sweet and quiet']

dimo - sum, amount, quantity; (grammar) number [DIMO]
so Dimo the Cosmos

dimšuten - vt exceed ['spill an amount']

dimšuto - excess

din - (archaic) triple [back-formation from dinë]

dinë - one third; (grammar) gender [*DINGAU, from DIMAGAU, from Cuêzi dīmagāu, from dīma 'three']

dinise - triple [din or Cuêzi dīma 'three']

dinya - melon [DINGA]

dis - hate

disan - vt hate [DISAN]

disna - gum (part of mouth) [DICENA]

disnuria - resentment, bitterness
Mizeo ab disnurian? Are you speaking sarcastically?

disnurir - vi resent, be bitter ['nourish hatred']
disnurir piron zië eta šupoát resent one's father because of his avarice
Fasseceo, disnuru You do it, I'm bitter

ditavan - vt like, prefer, favor (emphasis on emotion or choice; cf. ambrir) [DITAVAN 'favor', related to DITOS 'baby']

ditavea - liking, preference

ditavul - favorite, preferred

divea - choice, selection; election

diveir - vt choose, select; set (e.g. a time); elect [DIBREIR]
Lačam diveir dën We should set a date

divrec - vt learn [OV de ivroin, 'out of books']
divrec soa alaďea learn music

divreo - learning

Dizama - Cuzeian name [diazamē 'promise']

dižón - mustard [DICTONOS]

do - you (pl.) give (cf. dan)

doblädan - vi fit, suit; cf. mallädan [dóbrece lädan, 'go well']
doblädec suitable, appropriate
Len dobläde It flatters you

dobráš - wonderful, great

dobre - n, adj good; fine, righteous, wise [DOMERES 'fine, handsome']

dobrefassec - vi benefit (conj. like fassec) ['do good']
Řo dobrefas nikton It's no good to anyone (dat.)

dobrefasco - benefit

dobrelóg - reputation (pl dobreloži) ['good word']

dobreložise - respectable, of good repute

dobrežanul - welcome ['well come!']

dobu - bloke, chap, type ['good guy']

dočatir - vt finger; (slang) to excite with the fingers
zet dočatir (of women) masturbate

doči - finger [DOTIS]

dočirís - millet (an Uytain grain) ['finger grain', from the appearance of its seed clusters]

dočuven - vt pilfer ['finger']

dodo - (baby-talk) sleep; nap

dodoir - vi (baby-talk) sleep; nap [simplification of dormir]

doligu - parish [dom 'house' + oligu 'group']

dolina - valley ['hollow' + fem. -ina]

doly - hollow [DOLIS]

dom - house [DOMOS]
dör domán in public

Dománavo - Cuzeian name [domānavas 'generosity']

dombričan - magnanimous, generous; large-hearted, noble [DOMERES ITIAN 'large heart']

domil - domestic [DOMIL]

domlim - snail (small, shelled slug-like creature) ['house-slug']

domsfahe - dialect, patois ['house-speech']

domyaso - bacon ['back-meat']

domžina - chambermaid ['house-girl']

don- - past root for dan 'give'

donculë - hospitality, generosity ['house-receiving']

donculëse - hospitable

doni - giving; gift; a giving nature

dónia - wax [DONGA]

donta - block (of houses); cell (of living tissue) [DOMOTA, collective of DOMOS 'house']

donul - gift, present; spiritual gift ['given']
Donulî Pentecost

donyoš - candle

donyošom - candlemaker

dör - out; outside; outside of [OV deörn, from DE UERAN 'on the outside']

döriasni - outer thigh

dörloën - vt rent (used of the lessee) ['out-rent']
dörloëc renter, tenant
dörloën atunim atüčin rent an apartment from a rascal

dörmetan - vt dismiss, put out (of one's presence), send away ['put out']
Eř dörmetai You are dismissed

dörmeto - dismissal

dormi - sleep

dormir - vi sleep [DORMIR]
Dormreeu pro peren dënán You slept for the whole day

dorot - pleasant prophecy, omen; sign, signal [DOROŤ]

dörsemizi - outer arm

doršetir - vt spend ['buy out']

dos - back [DORSOS]

dosadan - vi turn around; retreat [dos fasadán 'back to front']

dosán - backward

dosic - corridor, hallway; aisle (pl. dosisî) [DOCIC 'leading (between rooms)']

dosmišu - backpack, knapsack ['back-sack']

dotoni - thumb [DOTONDIS 'big finger']

draba - horseradish (a thick, spicy root) [DRABA, from Munkhâshi drabma; the plant is native to Sarnáe]

drac - dragon (large flying reptile, lives in mountains and plains) (pl. drasî) [DRACOR]

dresir - vt train (animals) [DRAECIR 'tame']

dresom - trainer

drocen - vt pluck (stringed instruments) [imitative; attested in OV as tröcen, trocen, probably altered to fit with dronen]

droďë - auspicious [OV doroťiye 'well-omened']

droë - right, power, authority

droëë - rightful, lawful (having the right)
naž droëë rule de jure

drona - guitar [imitative]

dronen - vt strum, play (a guitar, violin, etc.)

dronul - stringed instrument

drote - gee! to the right!

drožy - yeast [DROGIS]

druk - friend [OV derúk, diminutive abbr. of deriyé 'supporter', from DEREC 'back up, support']

drukát - friendship

druke - friendly

drukul - (colloq.) friend, amigo

drukule - (colloq.) chummy, nice

dširen - vt/vi rip [imitative]

du - they give (cf. dan)

dubi - doubt [DUBITIR]

dubir - vt doubt

dugel - lure; bait

dugir - vt lure, attract [dynamic tenses of DUGER 'desire']

duhe - steam, vapor [DUKhE]

duisir - vt lead, drive; steer; head for [DUCIR 'steer']
zet duisir behave; head for
zet duisir mesece (+dat.) treat someone well
Ce-imfát řo šri zet duisir That child has no manners
Duisiro soan nezin! Head for the island!

duisom - driver

dul - given, gift (OV name element)

Dulau - Cuzeian name [dulāu 'duty']

dum - note, memorandum, annotation, thought [back-formation from DUMEC 'think']

dumora - notebook, folder; (commercial or bank) account

duna - chapter; scene [DUNNA, from Cuêzi dunnâ, a 'movement' of plot or character]

dunalál - planet (small, moving astronomical object) [DUNALALDOS, from Cuêzi dunalaldas 'moving star']
dunalál tšurec - comet

dunea - energy (movement and heat; as opposed to matter and spirit) [DUNEIA, from Cuêzi dunēyas, abstracted form of dunas 'movement']

duneise - physical

duneviso - physics ['study of energy']

dunetene - energetic

dungo - a small silver coin of Caizura and Lebcaizura [Caizuran, 'one half'; cf. Cuêzi dunagāu]

dunise - double [Cuêzi duna 'two']

dur - hard; crust (of bread, puddings, etc.) [DUR]

duresa - hardness

duri - tooth; blade (of a sword) [DURRIS]

dürí - credit [Kebreni dyrh'i from dy 'up' + reh'i 'count']

dürio - asset [Kebreni dyrih'a 'what is credited']

Durion - God of Rock (1st Age mythology) [DURREON, from DUR 'hard']

durnë - bad [DURENGES]

durnëžánul - unwelcome ['badly come']

durnil - malign, malicious, pernicious; malignant, virulent

durnkuna - extortion ['bad money']

durnkunom - extortioner

durok - wart [OV 'little hard thing']

duroš - toothbrush ['thing for teeth']

dus - rudder [DUSC]

duše - fragrant, aromatic [DUSIES, from DUSIER 'be fragrant']

dušic - perfume, fragrance (pl. dušisî) [DUSIEC 'something fragrant']

duta - doll [babytalk for druk]

duya - therefore [DUHA]

dva- - two (combination form)

dvadec - twenty [OV ftedec, from PTEDECT, contaminated by tvedec 'thirty']

dvaředao - conversion

dvaředec - vi convert (one's beliefs) ['second belief']

dvanes - twin ['two born']

dvase - alter ego, twin self ['two-me']

dvažoc - (slang) menstruation ['twenty-eight']

dy - that, than [DIA]

dyušše - lustful

dyuž - lust, desire; urge

dyužer - vt lust (for), desire [DUGER 'desire, covet']
Dyužu ce-žayem I'm hot for that babe

Ď Ď [To Index]

ďacse - windy

ďalan - vt enrich, enhance [ĎALAN]
Soa alaďea er so zer ďalu so elir Music and pizza enrich life

ďalašte - elegant, stylish [ĎALASTES 'finest, richest']

ďalašteca - elegance, style

ďam - error, mistake

Ďamano - Eleďe name [OV Ďamiano]

Ďamari - Eleďe name [OV Ďamari]

ďamir - vi err, make a mistake [ĎAMIR]
Ďameu You are mistaken

ďamleleë - criticism, fault-finding

ďamlelen - vt criticize, find fault ['see errors']

ďampauto - sweater ['woolen cloak']

ďan - wool [ĎANNOS]

Ďanël - Eleďe name [OV Ďaniel]

Ďanëli - Eleďe name [OV Ďaniela]

ďaneme - velvet [OV ďannesme 'wool-like']

ďanvena - llama (large wooly herbivore, native to mountains) ['wooly deer']

ďaonáe - washroom ['clean place']

ďare - sober, even-tempered [ĎAHRES]

Ďarea - Eleďe name [OV Ďareia]

Ďareo - Eleďe name [OV Ďareio]

ďaresa - sobriety

ďarim - wild, untamed, natural [Barakhinei dharim, from ĎORIND, 'suffering a god-induced insanity']

ďárimac - wilderness; underground

ďarimát - grandeur, wild beauty

ďasc - bladder [reborrowing of ĎASCOS 'pouch']

ďaš - pocket [ĎASCOS 'pouch']

ďat - sign, omen [ĎAITOS 'omen']

ďaulát - cleanliness

ďaule - clean [late Caďinor *ĎAHULES 'proper', from ĎAHES 'correct']

Ďavíd - Eleďe name [OV Ďaviď]

ďaye - correct, right [ĎAHES]
soa ďaye the right way (of doing things)
suvan soa ďaya be right

ďayecrivan - vt spell ['write right']
šrifec ďayecrivan know how to spell

ďayecrivát - spelling

ďëfku - monster

Ďeknam - Dhekhnam [Dhekhnami Dhekhnam 'pure land']

ďekname - Dhekhnami

ďelát - difference, (a particular) change
Řo lelu suim ďelát I don't see any change

ďeler - vi differ [ĎELER]
ďelec different
Bura ďele co Ertalan Bura differs from Ertala

ďeletá - dessert ['what varies (in a menu)']

ďeltan - vi change [OV ďeldan 'give (make) to differ', modified to fit ďelte, ďeletá]
Soa selta ďelte The light is changing
Řo epei šesan ďeltan redelcen You can't change a woman

ďelte - changing, varying, changed [reborrowing of ĎELTES 'differing']

ďeltesa - change (in the abstract, or long-term; cf. ďelát)

Ďemečo - Eleďe name [OV Ďemetrio]

ďer - door [ĎER]

ďeratún - vestibule, antechamber, lobby ['door-room']

ďerul - hatch, hinged lid

ďes - several

ďëse - flat, horizontal; plain, homely [ĎIESES 'straight, smooth', from ĎIAN; cf. ďiec]

ďëska - tile ['little flat thing']

ďëslota - barge ['flat boat']

ďësura - paving, pavement; stone facing [ĎIESURA 'smoother']

ďësuren - vt pave, face with stone
prosia ďësurul paved street

ďev - harm, damage, injury

ďevan - vt harm, damage, injure [ĎEBRAN]

ďezgorat - pyramid ['flat tower']

Ďic - a god of the underworld, entrusted with keeping the dead from the living

ďiec - race (pl. ďiesî) [OV ďiec, ďieca, from ĎIAN 'extend in a straight line']

ďiecer - vt race

ďiecnáe - racetrack

ďiloran - vt forgive, pardon [reborrowing of ĎILORAN 'put aside', from ĎILA 'aside']
Řo epne ďiloran řocepelát lië She couldn't forgive his unfaithfulness (acc.)
Ac ďilorne miran lië But she forgave his mother (dat.)

ďiloresa - forgiveness, pardon

ďin - three [DIN]

ďinát - trinity

ďincota - triangle; the pubic hair

ďincotul - triangular

ďise - bat (small nocturnal, flying, rodent-like mammal) [DASCO ĎICEI 'Ďic's animal']

ďitel - road [ĎITEL, 'that which extends (in a straight line)', from ĎIAN; cf. ďiec]

ďitelán - ahead, onward, forth

ďitelát - engineering ['roadmaking']

ďitelom - engineer

ďol - size [ĎOULOS]

ďoldimo - volume ['size-amount']
čima ďoldimei cubic čima

ďom - stone (OV name element) [ĎOMILE]

ďond - stillness

ďonde - still, quiet [reborrowing of ĎONDES]

Ďonušo - Eleďe name [OV Ďionusio]

Ďorca - Eleďe name [OV Ďorca]

ďorina - passion [ĎORINIA 'insanity given by the gods']

ďuďa - drool, dribble

ďuďir - vi drool, dribble [imitative]

ďul - smooth [ĎUL]
ďula [šerë] ale, a creamy, smooth-tasting, honey-colored beer

ďumát - masonry

ďumatom - mason

ďumë - stone; ballot (because stones are used in Verdurian voting) [ĎOMILE]

ďumëbenda - statue ['stone-work']

ďumëgórži - gargoyle ['stone-throat']

ďumete - stony, stone

ďumise - strong, determined, patient [ĎOMISES]

ďumpalel - lesbian lovemaking ['two-fondling']

ďun - two; pair; twins; both [ĎUN]
hicet ďunië even number
hicet ro ďunië odd number

ďuncöre - misanthropic, uncharitable, disgusted with the world ['stone-hearted', i.e. unempathetic]

ďuncrur - biped ['two-leg']

ďunmišekse - ugly as sin ['two-bagger']

ďunmizo - parallelism ['say twice']

ďunröma - the plural number ['two-count']

ďunröme - adj plural

ďunvolemát - ambivolence

ďunvoleme - ambivolent['two-willing', i.e. 'of two wills']

ďuro - flagon; Verdurian unit of volume, equal to 13.7 fluid ounces [ĎUROR 'wide-mouthed flask', from ĎUREC 'widen, open out']

ďuvë - frown [ĎUBRILE]

ďuven - vi frown [ĎUBREN, from ĎUOS 'a frown']

ďuvësäm - suspicious, untrustworthy, louche ['to be mistrusted']

ďuvëse - suspicious, mistrustful, hostile, on one's guard ['frownful']

ďuvësë - suspiciousness, lack of trust, hostility

ďuvësir - vt mistrust, feel uneasy with; be on one's guard against

E E [To Index]

ë - the fourth letter of the Verdurian alphabet, E, transliterated E [IE]

ë- - seven (combination form)

Eärdur - the Eärdur river [ERAUDOR]

ebdu - troll [Barakhinei ebdûn, from Elkarîl ebdunmak 'excavation-stealer']

ebrák - apprentice [Kačanzayin ebrac 'newcomer', from LEBTRACTUL; see epražo]

ebrakát - apprenticeship

ebrene - Jewish

ebreo - Jew [OV Hebraios, from Greek]

ebreřon - Hebrew ['Jewish language']

ec - (interjection) hey! well!

Ecačine - Eleďe name [OV Aicaterine]

ecaë - horrible [ENCAILES]

ecai - horror [ENCAIS]

ecelóg - adverb (pl. eceloži) ['word with -ece]

eceložise - adverbial

ëclaë - glaring; brightness, glare ['eye-brightness']

Ecuna - Cuzeian name (m.) [ecūnas 'hero']

Ecune - Cuzeian name [ecūnei 'heroine']

ecunî - knights-and-kings, an ancient chess-like board game (pl.; compare acc. ecuni) [ECUNIT, from Cuêzi ecūni narrûi-to 'heroes and kings']

ečitan - vi awaken [HETITAN]
šesan ečitan wake (someone)
Ya ečitne He's awake

ečom - grammar school [ETROMOS]

ečomoro - schoolmaster [ETROMORION]

ečomu - student, school child ['school-child']

ečomul - schooled, having completed grammar school (or most of it)

eda - Verdurian unit of length, equivalent to 3.51 mm [HAEDA 'stem']

ëdič - spell, enchantment [back-formation from ëdičan]

ëdičan - vt bewitch [ERDITREN 'cast a spell', from ERDIS 'spell']
Tu et ëdidne I've been bewitched

ëdiči - witch [ERDITIS]

edra - ivy [HAEDERA]

eď - the nineteenth letter of the Verdurian alphabet, Ď, transliterated Ď [Caď. ĎAKh; modified to parallel koď in alphabet poem]

efar - (archaic) lord [AEFAR]

Efrat - Efrat river in Ismahi [EPRANTOS, from Meť. Evrandu 'red water']

eftäpu - tag (children's game) [OV ef ataupu, babytalk for 'catch me']

eglér - praise

eglérec - vt praise [EGLEREC]
egleräm laudable

egre - sour; alchemy acid [AECRES 'sharp-tasting' from AECA 'spike']

egula - needle [diminutive of OV ega 'spike' from AECA]

egulát - sewing

egulen - vt sew

egusfer - hedgehog, porcupine (small herbivore defended with spines) ['needle-beast']

ehehe - neigh [imitative]

ehehen - vi neigh

ei - thou art

eidolo - form, outline, shape; idol; puppet [reborrowing of EIDOLO]

eidoloviso - geometry ['shape-study']

einalandaua - angel, eternal spirit [Cuêzi einalandāua 'first spirit']

Einatu - Einatu, the Archangel Michael [Cuêzi Einātu, from eine 'first']

ek - the seventh letter of the Verdurian alphabet, K, transliterated K [EK]

Ekaia - Ekaia, Satan, the leader of the fallen Einalandauî [Cuêzi Ecaîas]

el - center [EL]
el čildonë arithmetic mean
el muatëi median

Elas - Greece [Greek Hellas]

elcar - dwarf, elcar [reborrowing of ELCAR, from Cuêzi elcár, from Elkarîl elkar]

elcarřon - Elkarîl, the elcarin language

elcarin - dwarvish, elcarin
(sel) elcarin blue vitriol, iron sulphate [supplied by the elcarî]
verde (sel) elcarin green vitriol, copper sulphate

elcarinul - sulphate ['little elcarin']

Elcarináe - Elkarinor, land of the elcarî [loan-translation of Barakhinei Elkarinor]

elčena - lunch (i.e. a light meal at noontime, typical of the city) ['middle meal']

elčenen - vi lunch

eldën - noon ['middle of the day']

ele- - free (OV name element) [ELEUS]

eléaku - substance, material; composition [Cuêzi elēacu]
eléaku [pro uveren] cloth

Eleď - Eleď, the Begotten of Iáinos; in Eleďát, the second Person of the Trinity, the Messiah [EILEĎAN, from Cuêzi Eīledan]

Eleďát - the religion worshipping Eleď and Iáinos, formed of the union of Arašát (the worship of Iáinos going back to Cuzeian times) and the Elenicoi of Érenat

eleďe - Eleďe, Christian
soa Eleďë tagia the Eleďe dynasty (3241-3301)

Eleďom - worshipper of Eleď; follower of Eleďát

Elena - Eleďe name [OV Helene]

elenice - a Greek

Elenico - n Greek; follower of Mihel before the Council of Avéla [Greek Hellenikós]

Elesa - Elesa, capital of ancient Cuzei [ELEISA, from Cuêzi Eleisa]

eleura - a silver coin of Guaya [Eř dialect, 'freedom']

eleutát - frankness, freedom, openness

eleute - frank, free, open, generous [reborrowing of ELEUTES 'free', from ELEUS 'free man']

eliá - olive [HELGAIOS]

Elia - Eleďe name (m.) [OV Helia]

Elia - Eleďe name (f.) [OV Elia]

eliata - olive grove [OV helata, modified to match 'olive'; from HELGAITA, collective of 'olive']

elil - vigorous [ELIL 'full of life']

elilát - vigor

elir - life [ELIR]

elirát - vitality, liveliness, life; life essence, spark of life

eliril - alive, animate

elirec - vi live [ELIREC]

eliriviso - biology ['life-study']

Elisave - Eleďe name [OV Elisaveta]

Eliveri - Midwinter's Day ['middle-winter']

elnamë - platinum [ELEINAMIEIS, from Cuêzi elēinamiēi 'mistress of elements']

elnočy - midnight ['middle-night']

elnora - still, yet; some more [AELAN KhORAN 'to this hour']
elnora er elnora again and again
tot elnora! do it again!

eloria - empire [ELORIA 'kingdom']

elordalu - emperor ['empire king']

elrise - imperial [ELORISES 'royal']

elrei - queen [ELOREIS]
elrei mare the wife of a king; the King's Consort

Elšoru - Enddark (holiday) ['middle-darkness']

eluá - behold; here is, here are; so!, well [LEILUAT 'let it be seen']
Eluá fue nočy Night fell
Eluá ya läzne So he's gone

eludëno - today [AELUDENNOŤ 'on this day']

elusir - vi vote [ELUCIR 'mark, tag']

elusigués - republic ['vote-power']

elusio - vote

elut - lawfulness, fair play, order; community; justice; ethics [AELUŤ 'virtue']

elutë - lawful; just, fair [AELUŤRES]

Eluyemakšy - Southern barbarian [Combination of Eluyet Eluyek and Makšik, names of the two principal Southern tribes]

Elzon - Midyear's Day ['mid-year']

emai! - hello! [colloq. *EMAIT 'greetings', from *EMAOS 'greeting', from EMAO 'I say']

Emanél - Eleďe name [OV Emmanuel]

emayec - vi greet [from emai]
zen emayec greet each other
emayec pro Rahelin ask after Raheli
Emayao cira lë ab len Say hello your wife for me

embre - bitter; alchemy alkaline [AMRES]

embrezihe - raspberry ['bitter berry']

emel - purchase

emec - vt buy [EMEC 'say', later 'haggle']
Emcao ci-ris pro anán ořulan I bought this seed for one gold piece

Emia - Eleďe name [OV Aemilia]

Emio - Eleďe name [OV Aemilio]

emur - an alloy of silver and tin, often used for coins [HAEMUR]

emura - a small emur coin of Verduria, worth 1/12 fale; similar coins in Krasnaya, Viminia, Caizura, or Denisovič

enalir - vt (colloq.) go away [of unknown origin]

Enäron - God of Air and Lord of the Gods [ENDAURON]

endi - wood; woodwind instrument; violin bow [ENDIS]

endivyón - violin, fiddle ['bow-lyre'; referring to the wooden bow]

endya - carpentry

endyom - carpenter

enil - quiet, shy, timid [ENDIL]

enkaš - fear (variant of nkaš)

Ënomai - Ënomai, the sun of Almea [IENOMAIS]

Enotivo - Cuzeian name [enōtivas 'sojourner']

enšeyne - duck (smaller relative of gäs ) [ENILA SCENGE 'quiet fowl' (ironic)]

enttrane - woodcutting ['cut wood']

enttranom - woodcutter

eo - you (pl.) are

-eon - clan (OV name element) [-(T)EION]

epan - vi can, to be able to [EPESAN]
Epei attróuen ce-scorsam? Can you reach that branch?

epesát - thickness

epese - thick [ESPICES]

epesec - conditional tense [EPESEC, present participle of 'to be able to']

Epete - Cuzeian name [epetei 'singer']

epöl - shoulder [ESPUEL]

epražo - newcomer [back-formation from OV eptražul, from colloquial Caď. LEBTRACTUL 'newly dragged in']

epüa - spear [ESPUILA]

epüen - vt spear

er - and; both; plus [ER]
er so mudray er soa viminë both the wise man and the Viminian
ďun er ďun eu pan two plus two is five

er - south [AER]

Erasto - Eleďe name [OV Erasto]

ërece - in fact, actually, really [IERES 'dull']

erél - cranberry [ERESLOS]

erénica - purge; purgative [EREINECA]
(zen) dan erénica give (take) a purgative

Éres - Cuzeian name [Eressos 'westerner']

Eretald - the South of Almea; the Caďinorian plain ['South-plain']

ermát - shallowness

erme - shallow [EREMES]

ernum - south ['south-direction']

erotál - furthermore, moreover, as well as ['and also']

Erruk - the castle of Erruk ['south-keep']

erüza - cinnabar (mercuric sulphide) [*ERUIDIAS, variant of ERUIDAS, from Cuêzi 'reddener', from ruyisi 'red']

erüzula - litharge (lead oxide, PbO) ['little cinnabar', from its color]
erüzula ogudula minium (lead oxide, Pb3O4) ['roasted litharge']

Ervëa - (m) Caďinorian emperor, vanquisher of Munkhâsh [AERIVILEAS]

eř - you (acc.)

eř - the eighth letter of the Verdurian alphabet, Ř, transliterated Ř [by analogy with ek]

esan - vi to be (irregular: present ai, ei, e, am, eo, eu; past predicative fuai, fuei, fue, fuam, fuo, fueu; past existential esnai, esnei, esne, esnam, esno, esnu) [ESAN]
esli ešelai dalu if I were king
e ďinî zonî three years ago
Fuáy e, dy esne... Once upon a time there was...
E et It's me
Esne mudray There was a wise man
Fue mudray He was wise
E řovižiäm dy pluyrete It's unlikely that it will rain
E so uestu ke čümse ab porom This is the man who stinks of green onion
E uestu dy čümse ab porom There is a man who stinks of green onion
E dy vueu žöhei I would like some mead

esar - prefect of a district [ESARKh]

escaë - carpet [Curiyan eskalge; originally a slang term]

escatelë - tapestry ['fine carpet']

esce - is it that; whether [ES KEDA ...? 'it is when...?']

Esčambra - the Verdurian Parliament ['great council']

esčambrom - senator, member of Parliament

esďitel - highway ['great-road']

esë - my (gen. of se)

esea - presence [ESEIA 'being, existence']

esec - present tense [ESEC 'being']

Eseo - Eleďe name [OV Hesaia]

esey - try

eseyer - vt try [ECILER]
eseyer tróuen so lukul try to find the guilty party
Eseyereu ci-zeri Try these flatcakes

esli - if

esta - (m) summer [AESTAS]

estair - vi exult

estát - greatness
estát lë 'your greatness'-- form of address for nobles

este - great [ESISTES]

esteai - exultation [este ai, 'great am I']

estecäh - alligator (large, fierce, long-mouthed predatory lizard) ['great-lizard']

estitian - genius ['great-spirit']

estre - summery [reborrowing of AESTRES]

esyule - dear ['my little one,' from esë 'my' + -ul- diminutive suffix]

ešahe - sermon, address ['great-speech']

ešahen - vi preach
ešahen cum soan orestan preach the truth

ešcontana - grand county

ešcurana - primacy ['great-curacy']

ešcüre - primate

ešec - failure; dilemma, roadblock; stumbling block

Éšena - Goddess of Water (particularly associated with the Svetla) (1st Age mythology) [AESCENA]

ešenalt- the small silver coin of Svetla, Bažra, Lapiri, or Pakšohan

ešenë - the large silver coin of Svetla, Bažra, Lapiri, Pakšohan, Cerei, and Hežina (the latter is properly called ešcenile) ['(coin) of Éšena']

Eši - Goddess of Art [ESCIS]

ešinyát - lovingkindness ['great-kindness']

Ešra - Eleďe name [OV Esťera]

ešro - bully [ESCRION 'foreman']

eššanát - possibility

eššane - maybe; possible [OV epsesan 'it may be' = EPES ESAN]

ešui - failure; defeat; lack of success, misfortune; bad luck

ešuir - vt fail; lose [dynamic tenses of HESCIR]
ešuir šendum lose a game
ešuir lelen soa aguma fail to see the problem
Ešureu prî piron esë I failed my father (lit., in front of my father)

et - me (acc.)

eta - prep about, concerning (takes nom.); n topic, matter [ETA]
eta šoî er dalî about cabbages and kings

etadan - describe [ETADAN]

etadec - descriptive; n attribute, property

etadel - description

etahicete - mathematical ['about-numbers']

etald - plain [ESTALDOS]

etalóg - adjective (pl. etaloži) ['about-word']

etaložise - adjectival

etama - pond, pool [AETANIMA dim. of 'lake']

etamizë - nominative case ['talk about']

etani - lake [AETANIS]

etaperë - general ['about the whole']
etaperece generally

etasfahen - vt refer to, speak of ['speak about']

etasosia - gossip

etasosir - vi gossip (ak) ['whisper about']

etasule - particular, concrete ['solely about']
etasulece in particular

etaž - floor, storey

etec - dabbler, novice

etëlevi - gospel [OV estë levi, 'good news']

Eteodäole - Eteodäole (ilian language)

etertót - argument [eto er tot, 'this and that']

etertotan - vi argue
etertotan eta fsë argue about everything

Eteya - Cuzeian name [eteîa 'flower']

Eti - Cuzeian name [Āeti 'lake']

Etinë - Cuzeian name [Etiniē]

etir - vi dabble

etitrát - interest, curiosity

etitre - interesting [reborrowing of HETITRES 'awakening (interest)'; see ečitan]

eto - this one (etë eto eton) [AETTOS, from AE- 'near' + TOTOS]

etol - warehouse [ESTOL 'cellar']

eu - they are

eucar - miner [ELCAR 'elcar', hence 'miner']

eucarana - mine [ELCARANDA 'place for elcarî']

eucarát - mining

Eva - Eleďe name [OV Eva]

evede - route, trajectory, course

Évetel - son of Iriam, conqueror of Škagon [AEVETEL]

Evnica - Eleďe name [OV Evnice]

evranka - realgar (arsenic disulphide) [EVRANKhRAS 'realgar, minium', from Meťaiun evrankhras 'red mineral', which comprehended also cinnabar]

ey! - hey! ho there!

eyurcrivát - poetry; eloquence; literature ['lovely-writing']

eyure - poetic; literary; lovely, adorable [EILURES]

eyuren - vt adorn

eyurotá - bad poem

Ezecio - Eleďe name [OV Ezecia]

ež - the 27th letter of the Verdurian alphabet, Ž, transliterated Ž [by analogy with ek]
ež ismaë Verdurian name for the Z, (Z,) used in Ismaîn

ež - a Xurnese gold coin, worth about 7.5 ořulî [Xurnáš ej]

ežcud - ugly [OV slang ežekudse 'homely', from ežekud 'home', i.e. 'the old familiar hole']

Eženiy - Eleďe name [OV Evgenio]

ežes - neighborhood [late colloquial *HECTENSOS 'haunts', from HECTES 'familiar']
base ezeš bad neighborhood; slum, ghetto

ežesom - homeboy, someone from the same place

ežonde - the large gold coin of Svetla, Cerei, or Hežina (the latter is properly called eždonde) ['(coin) of Aežon']

F F [To Index]

fäb - paint

fäban - vt paint [FAUBAN]

fäbát - painting (art or action)

fäbom - painter

fäboš - painting (object)

fäbrau - cosmetics, makeup

fäbrauir - vt make up, apply cosmetics [jocular expansion of fäban?]
Ila zet fäbraue She's putting on her makeup

fäbroš - a cosmetic article, e.g. a cream or powder

fäbšue - tacky, ugly ['badly painted']

fac - yoke; bridle [FUACOS]

fäce - the past [FAUCAE 'it has left']

fäcete - adj past

facora - team, crew (orig. of oxen; extended to people) ['group of yokes']

faďne - patient [FAĎENES, from FAĎAS 'patience']

faďnesa - patience

fähe - able [FAUKhES 'potent, able']

fäheca - ability, talent

fai - the 24th letter of the Verdurian alphabet, F, transliterated F [OV fa, from FAS; altered to contrast more with sas, voi]

faitan - vt turn, make, make to become [FAET 'he does', used as an emphatic, esp. in legal language; from FAR 'do']
faitan plene to make full, to fill
Ce-ivro et faitne gulere That book made me angry
Čečî faitmu azifse imfát lë Candy will make your child fat

fako - compartment, box; package; political party; jail cell [FAKhUS 'type of box', from FAKh 'box']
desisec fako the (parliamentary) opposition

falaře - military [FALAKhRES 'soldierly']

falata - army [FALAKhTA collective of FALAKh 'soldier']

fale - white; of skin, the color of Xurnese and others from the far South; common name for the large silver coin in Verduria and other countries (esp. Célenor, Viminia, Lebcaizura, and Caizura) (cf. aržent) [FALILES]

falek - pawn, game piece; (literary, historical) soldier [FALAKh, reinterpreted in OV as a diminutive]

falen - vt launder

falez - cliff [FALENS]

faliöl - light (in color) [FALILUL 'whitened']

falilant - anemia [FALILANTOS 'whiteness']

faliorta - a type of Verdurian flower, similar to a daisy ['white-flower']

falis - laundry

falisom - launderer

falom - white man (colloq.); used by Verdurians of the Xurnese and Skourenes; men from Moreo Ašcai or Nan living in Verduria may call the Verdurians falomî, but it should be remembered that prejudice on Almea is religious rather than racial

falëpëža - dove (white, more man-shy relative of fëža ) ['white-pigeon']

fálšue - pale, whitish

fálšuec - vi cram, study
Fálšuao cum soan plesčuran I'm cramming history

fana - stream, brook [FANDA]

fanir - vt store (things); save (money) [PENIR]

fanka - brooklet, streamlet

fannáe - closet, store-room, pantry ['storage place']

fant - ghost, phantom; departed soul (note that Verdurian connotation is numinous, not ethereal) [FANTOS 'soul']

fanul - cabinet, chest

färan - vt ferry, transport (over water) [FAURAN]

Fariseo - Pharisee [OV Farisaio]

farlota - ferryboat [färan 'ferry' + archaic lota 'boat']

fařima - cage [FAKhIMA 'small box']

farsir - vt stuff [FARCIR]
ferior farsul stuffed chair

fasad - front [FASAD 'in front': ablative of FASA 'front']

fasadán - forward

fasadir - vi advance

fasco - business, affairs; occupation [reborrowing of FASCEO 'things to do']

fascom - manufacturer

fascoš - affair, item

fascotene - busy ['having affairs']

fasil - easy [FASIL 'simple, straightforward', from FASA 'front']

fasileca - ease, easiness, simplicity

fäsi - exit, leavetaking

fäsir - vt leave, abandon [FAUCIR]

fassec - vi to do that (used as a demonstrative verbal anaphor); vt create, manufacture; make up (pres. tense IIIsg fas; past, past ant., cond. root fašš-) [FAR (roots FASC-, FASS-)]
kiel zet fas how things are done
Ke fašše? Who did that?
Ilet dan frälinan óuandan? Se fasstao Give it to the girl next door? I'll do it
Ihano čümse com šučan? Ar, fas Ihano stinks like a pig? Yes, he does

fäsul - left, remaining; other; reaminder, rest
fäsula šalea nitrogen

faš - anger

faše - angry [FASCISES 'busy, agitated']

fašer - vi be angry
fašer ak soán imloëcán be angry at the landlord

fayir - vi to be necessary [FAILIR]
Faye dy prošaleei It's necessary for you to rest
Ďesî aricoi tan fayü We need some beans

fazis - deadbeat (slang) [fas-niš 'does nothing']

fažolo - round bean (e.g. something like a lima bean or navy bean); ticket (due to custom of distributing colored beans as entrance tokens) [FAGIOLO]

fel - sail [PELOS]

felánt - (Sarsfahe) a small silver coin of Hežina [dialectal form of felát]

felát - sailing; the name of a small silver coin of Krasnaya, Solhai, or Curiya; also used for coins named pelant or felánt outside the countries involved[PELANTOS]

felec - vt sail

Felic - Eleďe name [OV Felics]

felom - sailor

femát - roughness

feme - rough [FESMES]

fëon - platform [OV ferron 'something that holds up']

Ferénica - Eleďe name [OV Ferenice]

ferica - funeral (pl. ferisi) [PERICA 'mourning']

ferien - vt bear, hold, support [FERIEN]

ferior - chair

fëre - n solid [FERIRES 'weighty' from FERIEN 'bear']

fësil - parsley [PERSIL]

fëšo - ball, dance [FERSIO 'party']

fetöra - province, division, e.g. the primary divisions of the kingdom of Verduria; also 'principality,' used of some of the smaller states of the Plain [PEŤUERA, from PEŤEN 'divide']

fevát - (art of) carving

fevel - (a work of) carving

fevir - vt carve [PEVIR]

fevom - carver

feyasa - pity [PEILAICA]

feyel - alms, charity [PEILEL nom. of 'pity, show mercy']

feyen - vt pity [PEILEN]
feyäm pitiable, miserable, wretched
zet feyen complain
Raheli ilet feyne eta so glupát lë Raheli pitied him for his stupidity
Raheli zet feyne eta so glupát lë Raheli complained about his stupidity

fëža - pigeon (medium-sized, dull-colored, herbivorous, urban bird, well-adapted to cities) [PERICTA 'pigeon', orig. 'funeral entourage' (cf. ferica), because of the birds' walking, flocking behavior]

fežir - vt hurl, hurtle [PEGIR 'throw']

Fidra - Goddess of Night [FIDORA]

fidren - the third day of the week [OV, 'Fidra's day']

Fiemo - Eleďe name [OV Filemo]

fifačic - personal attendant (pl. fifačisî) [PIFATIC 'attendant']
fifačic ševië hairdresser
fifačic uverië dresser, valet

fifačir - vt attend, wait on; take care of someone's hair, clothes, grooming [PIFATIR, from PIFIR 'flutter']

Fifel - god of sexual love [PIFAEL]

fifir - vt/vi flutter, flap [PIFIR]

fik - fig [FIKOS]

fikarb - fig tree

fikši - whip [imitative]

fikšir - vt whip

fil - thread, wire; string (for musical instrument) [FIL]

Filipo - Eleďe name [OV Filippo]

findan - vt split [FINDAN]

findise - divisive; schismatic, orthodox

fintát - quality

finta - top; tip, point; crime boss

firan - vi ferment [PIRAN]
šesan firan soen vinzihen let the grapes ferment

firát - fermentation

fírita - a courtship dance
Fírita Fírita, name of a religion emphasizing the Way or the Dance

firusta - maze [From the gardens at Firusta in Irvesi]

fitrau - tomcat, male cat

fiy - fern [FILIS]

fizë - seal

fizir - vt seal [FIDIR]

flaďomë - slate [FLANĎOMILE 'flat stone']

flane - smell; odor

flanát - the sense of smell

flaner - vt smell (through the nose); track (by smell; of animals) [PELASNER 'flair the nostrils', from PELASIS 'nostril']
flaner sa soán mišekán rummage through the sack

flave - yellow; a large gold coin of Célenor, equivalent to the oř [FLAVES]
flavë [šerë] lager, a light (German-style) beer made with less peza

flavéšue - yellowish

flayka - desk; by extension, workspace, office [OV diminutive of flaya, from FLAIA 'counter, flat workspace']

fleád - flaid [Flaidish flaid]

fleade - adj Flaidish

fleadřon - Flaidish (language)

flegát - nursing

flegan - vt nurse, suckle [PELEGAN 'care for']

flegoma - wet nurse

fne - throughout
fne soan scurin throughout the country

fodro - enchantress, witch; (vulgar) bitch

fond - bottom [FONDOS]

foračia - (obscene) anal sex

foračir - vt (obscene) engage in anal sex

foračul - (vulgar) homosexual

foraven - vi swing (e.g. a pendulum) [FORKhABREN 'move while hanging']

forë - (obscene) asshole [*FORILE, related to FORIA 'diarrhea', FORIUS 'dung']

forhan - vt hang [FORKhAN]

forhel - curtain, drapes

forheo - suspense; hanging [reborrowing of FORKhEIO]

fori - fertile (OV name element) [OFORIS]

formica - ant (wingless colony insect) (pl. formisî) [FORMICA]

forno - hay [FORNO]

forte - loud [FORTES]

fortesa - loudness

foruneo - balcony [OV forhundeo, augmentative of forheo 'hanging thing']

fose - crane (medium-sized, stilt-legged water bird) [FOSECA]

Fove - Eleďe name [OV Foive]

föy - leaf [*FUEILIS, variant of FUELIS]
föî salad

foži - blaze

fožir - vi blaze [Naviu fägia 'burn in triumph', a word imprinted in the Caďinorians' memories during the Naviu occupation of Ctésifon (2435)]

fraga - strawberry [FRAGAS, feminized]

frälina - maiden, virgin ['bloom' + fem. -ina; i.e. 'blooming girl']

frälir - vi bloom [FRAULIR]
frälec blooming; flagrant, shameless

fréa - faith (OV name element) [FREIA]

frirec - vi crumble; disintegrate [FRIREC]

frirel - crumb

friseo - shudder, chill, trembling, shaking

friser - vi shake, shudder, tremble [PERICER 'shake']
šesan friser shake (something)

froát - cold

froďac - the eleventh month ['cold-wind']

froďe - grim, dismal, forbidding [back-formation from froďac]

froe - cold [FROHES]
Že froe It's cold out

fron - a (rather phallic-shaped) type of mushroom [FRONDOS]

frond - penis [reborrowing of FRONDOS (see fron)]

frue - early [FRUHES]

fsë - pronoun everything (fsë fsëi fsë fsën); n the Cosmos [PSIES]

fsëgdá - always [PSIEKEDA]

fsernáe - observation post, place for watching the enemy (which can be anything from a momentary position to a permanent fortress [PSER- 'watch' + 'place']

fset - fart

fsetec - vi fart [PSETEC 'burst']

fsiduisi - deceit

fsiduisir - vt deceive ['lead falsely']

fsiüklo - fallacy ['false-proof']

fsitenec - vt to hold under false pretenses ['hold falsely']

fsitenë - impostor

fsiy - false; disloyal [PSIS]

fsižemna - doppelgänger ['false-twin']

fsora - romance; courtship
Ihano primete fsora Rahelin Ihano is courting Raheli (so far unsuccessfully)

fsorer - vt go out (with), date, carry on an affair; court [PSORER 'attend, serve']
Raheli fsore Ihanam Raheli is seeing Ihano

fsorora - relationship, affair

fsorul - romantic

fsuda - everywhere [PSUDA]

fsur - hunger [PSUR]

fsuran - vt hunger (for), crave
fsuran yon hungry for bread

fsurë - hungry; starving artist

fsurona - famine [FSURONDA 'big hunger']

fsuršuščan - vi starve (conj. like šuščan)['hunger-die']

fsya - everyone (fsya fsye fsya fsyan) [PSIAT]

ftacon - element, substance; intrinsic nature; created thing; atom [PTOCONDOS 'building block']
ftacon iseléaky the primordial substance, eagerly sought out by magicians

ftacu - elemental (a monster whose substance is a simple element)

ftalók - ceiling [OV nominalization of PTALAN 'cover']

ftena - plan, design, program [PTENA]

ftenen - vt plan, design

ftore - second [PTORES]

ftoremora - galley, bireme: a heavy coastal ship [PTOREMORA; cf. REMORA]

ftorlädec - doppelganger, double ['second-goer']

ftoron - billion [ftore- + Caď. augmentative -OND]

fuai - I was; the fuai... forms of esan are predicative; the esnai... forms are existential

fuáy - time, repetition [*FURAILES, emphatic slang derivation of FURAS 'instance']
fuáy e once; once upon a time
fuáy e, kiam fuai bogaty He was rich once

fuáyul - a while, a short time

fucec - consonant [reborrowing of FUCEC 'coloring', calque on Cuêzi fūcatēi]

fucoš - pencil [OV fucošc 'darkener', from FUCAN 'color, tint']

fufur - timid [FURFUR]

Fuli - Cuzeian name [Fuli 'fern']

fulüra - ink [FULGURA, from FULGO 'soot', as ink was made of lampblack]

fulyo - soot [FULGO]

furan - vt act, play; perform, put on (a play) [FURAN 'feign']
furan soi Abolineroni play the Abolinerons

furát - drama, theatre; acting

furel - performance

furnáe - theater

furom - actor
furoma actress

furomora - cast; personnel of a theater (not rigidly divided into cast and crew)

futaš - interj, n (obscene) fuck

futruir - vt (obscene) fuck [dynamic forms of FUTREN 'fill', from FUTES 'full']

füzer - n mist

fužec - vt darken (in tone) [back-formation from fužul]

fužul - dark in color; of skin color, the coloration we would call 'black' [FUCTUL 'colored', from FUCAN 'tint', from FUCA 'color']
fužula [šerë] bitter, a dark brown (English-style) beer

fužulát - darkness

G G [To Index]

gagan - vi choke [GAKhGAN]
gagan ak hostán choke on a bone

gaiec - vt form (something) [GAHILEC]
zet gaiec (im) have the form (of)

gaiei - one of the Caďinorian pagan Furies (Midei, Bunori, Šustana) [GAHILEIS '(female) shaper (of lives)'

galen - vt bathe (someone or something)
zet galen bathe (oneself)

gali - bath [GALIS]

galumo - bathtub ['bath-tub']

gambra - sea turtle (sea-dwelling shelled reptile) [GAMERA]

gamerka - testicle [OV 'little turtle']

Gamlël - Eleďe name [OV Gamaliel]

gar - good sense (OV name element) [GAROS]

gara - (slang) tit, boob, breast [GARRA 'swelling']

gararda - swelling (esp. as a medical condition) [GARRARDA 'swelling-illness']

garardir - vi swell

gareme - sensible, reasonable, practical [GARESMES; cf. gar ]

garemora - good sense, common sense

garka - blister ['little swelling']

garlo - warlock, sorceror [OV garolo 'trickster, con man', from GARORION 'wise or cunning man', from GAROS 'sense']

gäs - goose (large grass-eating bird, fond of lakes) [GANSOS]

gascia - leprosy (medical term) [reborrowing of GASCIA 'spoilage, leprosy']

gasfir - vt waste (cond. gasficelai...) [GASPIR]

gasfiy - waste

gašia - spoilage, ruin, damage [GASCIA]

gašir - vt spoil, ruin; damage [GASCIR, dialectal variant of GASPIR 'waste']

Gavrël - Eleďe name; the angel of the Annunciation [OV Gavriel]

Gayo - Eleďe name [OV Gaio]

gazimia - suspicion, inference

gazimir - suspect, surmise, infer [GADIMIR 'know by deduction', dim. of GADIR 'know by perception']

gažë - outrageous, unjust, oppressive; horrifying, intolerable [GAGILES, from GAKhGAN 'choke']

gdeon - giant [Eř dialect; from Igdeon 'a mighty hero', from *AECTEION 'clan of Aecton (Aežon)']

gécul - dungeon [GAECULOS]

gečë - net, web [GAETILE 'thing cast']

gečia - throw

gečir - vt throw [GAETIR 'cast']

gečom - vanguard; soldiers send ahead of the main force ['throw [forward]-men']

gëf - the twelfth letter of the Verdurian alphabet, G, transliterated G [reborrowed form of GES (OV že)]

Gelalát - Gelalát, the worhip of Gelalh

Gelalh - Kezul or Kezon, chief demon in both Kezonát and tësaďát [Dhekhnami Gelalh]

gelvo - moan, groan

gelvoir - vi moan, groan

gemár - unit of volume, ten ďuroi or 4.03 l

gëméša - mortgage, lien [Kebreni gemeśa (older giemeśa) 'primacy (of access)']

gen - master, conqueror (OV name element) [GAENIR 'oppress']

geni - bother

genir - vt bother [GAENIR 'oppress']
Řo et genireu Don't bother me

genře - lacquer, lacquerware [Belesao ngenghé 'lacquer goods']

gent - metal [GUENTOS]
gent meiladei cobalt
gent meuciborei nickel
gent samplomei zinc
gent yešorei antimony

genturoki - metalworking

genturokec - metalworker

ger - hardly (alone, or in negated sentences) [Curiyan waigero 'a lot']
Řo e ger šuščat He's hardly dead

gerak - strait [GAEREKh]

ges - power (OV name element) [GUESOS]

geš - crush [imitative]

gešan - vt crush, squash

gešic - a Xurnese copper coin, worth 1/10 micuš

geteme - strong, powerful, with the qualities of a leader [GUENTESMES 'like metal']

geteta - dice (the game) [GAETELTA]

gigit - caution, shyness [imitative of stuttering]

gigitse - cautious, shy

gimen - vi abound [GUIMINEN 'swarm']
gimec abundant
gimen cum lapisin abound with rabbits

gimesa - abundance

gintro - sash; the sash being the badge of office in Caďinorian lands, it has come to mean the office itself; hence, the crown, the kingship [reborrowing of GINTRO]
gintro daluy king's sash; the right to the throne
dan gintram Vlaranán give the throne to Vlaran

gintrovelan - vi (archaic) usurp ['take-sash']
Gintrovelne im zonán 3128 He usurped the throne in 3128

gintrovelec - usurper

gitešeli - phosphorus [Tžuro gitlešeli 'glowing wax']

giuro - stallion [metathesis of OV guiro, from GUHIRO]

gläca - puddle (pl. gläsî) [GLAUCA]

glacu - beer mug [OV glacura 'puddler']

glašan - vt announce [GLASCAN]

glašul - announcement, notice

glavo - broadsword; the ancient Caďinorian coin stamped with a sword; modern silver coins of Ctésifon, Solhai, or Érenat [GLABRO, from GLABREN 'shimmer']

glaza - lamp, lantern; (in South) torch [GLANSA 'torch']

gleuma - mucus (medical term); vaginal lubrication [reborrowing of GLEUMA]

gličir - vt/vi stick (together); glue [dynamic tenses of GLITAN]
gličir so behdel soan dumoran glue or stick the picture to the notebook
Soa fulüra glidre dočin lë The ink stuck to his fingers

glinát - length

glindrel - cord; small rope; belt [OV nominalization from *GLINRES 'rather long']

gliny - long [GLINIS]

glisia - slide, glide

glisir - vi slide, glide [probably gliny 'long' + sisir 'slip']
šesan glisir soan stekanan co mettan slide the glass along the table

glispava - sled ['slide-wagon']

glišy - sticky [gličir + -š(u)e]

glitoš - glue [GLITOSIOS 'sticky substance']

glöma - snot [GLEUMA]

glonyec - vi ring (also spelled glónëc) [GLONGEC]
šesan glonyec clošán ring a bell

glupát - stupidity

glupy - stupid

glure - the large silver coin of Ismahi, worth 1 fale [Ismaîn glure 'sword', from GLABRO]

gluti - swallow

glutir - vt swallow [GLUNTIR]

Gn - Mr., abbreviation for Graženom

gob - (obscene) penis [GOLB 'type of mushroom', possibly a variant of GRIBOS]

gobačir - vi (vulgar) ejaculate

gocrea - balance sheet [Kebreni gorkreha 'weighing']

golë - crotch, groin [from goly; i.e. 'something in front']

goler - vt loot [OV goluer 'glance over', from GOLGOS 'face']

goly - front, face (of a watch or instrument); muzzle (of an animal) [GOLIOS 'face']

gološ - loot

gonicore - coherent, consistent [reborrowing of GONICORES; cf. gucöre]

gorat - tower (pl. goraďi) [GORAŤ]

gorži - throat [GORGIS]

gövec - vi panic [GUEBREC 'fear, terrorize', from GUESOS 'power' + -BREN 'move, act']

gövesa - panic, terror [GUEBREICA]

gövtene - terrifying

grak - a small round bean (something like a garbanzo) (pl. grahî) [GRAIKh]

grakok - pea [OV diminutive of GRAIKh 'chickpea']

gran - border [GRANDOS]

grannáe - borderland, marches; esp. the eastern reaches of Verduria province

graven - vt rake; pillage, plunder [GRABREN 'rake']

graveo - pillage, plunder; raking

gravil - rake

graženom - Mister; (archaic and dialectal) citizen ['borderlander', a status once contrasted with 'foreigner']

graženka - Mrs., Miss

grel - hail [GREL]

grelan - vi hail

grib - mushroom [GRIBOS]

griman - vt pull; milk [GRIMAN]

grimoš - drawer ['something pulled']

grise - gray [OV griese, from Eluyet griyes 'dark-colored horse']

grisruda - pyrite (iron sulphide) ['gray ore']

gríššue - grayish; the skin color characteristic of Monkhayu and Dhekhnami

griu - wheat [GRILU]
piďë griu little wheat, a Téllinorese crop related to griu

griužina - farm-maiden ['wheat-girl']

grogec - vt mill, grind; n miller [GROGEC]

grognáe - mill
grognáe ab meín water mill
grognáe ab ďacán windmill

grom - thunder [GROUMBOS]

gromnát - threat, menace (abstract)

gromne - threatening, menacing ['thunderlike']

gromnec - vt threaten (add unaccented i before consonants: past. gromnicao, etc.)

gromnel - threat, ultimatum (utterance)

gröse - powerful (OV name element) [*GRUESES, modification of GUESRES; cf. ges]

gřonë - gruff; grumbling

gronen - vi grumble [imitative]

gruřa - turnip [GRUKRA]
gruřa Cerei rutabaga [turnip of The Port, that is, Cerei]
Řo eu gruřî lë It's none of your business

gucöre - having integrity, unduplicitous, uncorrupted [GONICORES 'coherent', showing confusion from cör; from Cuêzi gōnicoro]

gucöreca - integrity, incorruption

gudun - antelope, gnu (large, fleet, herbivorous herd animal, native to plains or mountains) [Western gududung]

gué - ford [OV guende, from GURENDA 'crossing']

gués - power, might [reborrowing of GUESOS]

guesse - powerful

guésise - de facto; relating to power; used when the legitimacy of the authority is not claimed, not in question, or not possessed
reďréë guésise acting minister
dalu guésise de facto king, regent

guézzovë - political

guézzovi - politics ['power-play']

guézzovir - vi enter into politics; negotiate; sponsor, support (politically)
So reďréë zen guézzove The minister is making a name for himself

guéžžou - politics, political method, practical politics ['way of power']

gula - bile; bitterness, spite [GULA]

gulere - mad, angry, ticked off (colloq.) [GULRES]

gunát - armormaking

gunče - bump

gunčec - bump, jostle [imitative]

gunë - armor [GUNILE]

gunen - vt arm; equip, provide (with weapons or tools) [GUNEN 'supply, arm']

gunoro - armorer

gurë - lion; lioness (large, majestic maned predator, related to čuculî ) [GURIE]

gurfë - scowl

gurfec - vi scowl, glare [verbalization of dialectal gura 'wrath'; cf. gula]

guríš - wrath, anger, ire [back-formation from guriše]

guriše - angry, furious, wrathful (compared with faše, has an intensive or archaic effect) [OV gulriše 'very angry'; cf. gula]

guryon - male lion

güsce - jungle [OV güše, altered to conform to the original GUISCUE, from Cuêzi guiscue 'swamp, jungle']

gust - taste, flavor

gustan - vt taste [GUSTAN]

gut - rat (small, fierce omnivore, adapted to cities, related to surî ) (pl. guďi) [GUŤ]

gutia - epilepsy; a fit (of madness or sickness) [reborrowing of GUTIA 'shaking']

guya - (slang) prostitute

H H [To Index]

haďi - the small silver coin of Benécia, worth an aržentul; an emur coin of Barakhún or Elkarinor [Barakhinei khath from Elkarîl kphath '1/2 coin']

haleza - (m.) xaleza, one of the elite guards in Xurno; hence fighter [Xurnáš xaleza, originally xalei zalay 'spirited warlord', from Axunašin xalu 'breath, spirit' plus zalai 'general', itself from Wede:i sela:i 'warlord']

härer - vi dawdle, slow down [late Caďinor KhAURER, from KhAUR 'slow']

harige - the Ismaîn diacritic i used in r" (r") [Ismaîn r"ige, earlier hr"ige, from HARICO 'long bean']

Harma - Eleďe name [OV Kharma]

härom - slowpoke

hasifa - sulfur [KhAMSIFA, from Meťaiun 'hot-springs sand'; cf. Kebreni h'ansiva]

hautát - height

haute - tall; erect [KhALTES]

hautendi - oboe ['high-wood']

hauttroz - halberd (pointed pole with axelike blade) ['high ax']

havlu - towel

hecu - nature, character [KhECU, from Cuêzi xēcu 'kind']

hecur - unit of weight, 1/100 süro, or .6071 kg [KhICURA 'weight', from KhICET 'amount']

heder - raid, pillage [Curiyan hede]

hedeo - raid, barbarian incursion

hend - shirt [KhENDOS 'tunic']

hendana - blouse

hep - seven [KhAEP]

hepato - liver [KhEPATO]

hepdën - week ['seven-day']

hežaď - Guardian (Caďinorian myth) ['guardian god']

hežan - vt guard (a country, treasure, dependents, etc.; see akřaner) [KhEGIAN]
hežan ak dascoin guard against animals
Eř hežanei! Watch out!

hežeo - guard

hežiosa - (m) Guardian (Eleďe angelology) ['guardian power']

hežom - guard, guardian

hicet - number; tally, score [reborrowing of KhICET 'sums', from Cuêzi xicē 'sum, amount'. Both words were generally used in the plural: compare our "What's the results?"]

hicetan - vt count, sum; tally (up), score

hiceteviso - mathematics ['study of numbers']

hičeme - astute, shrewd ['tending to craftiness']

hičy - cunning, crafty, sly [KhITRIS 'dexterous']

hinalek - the large silver coin of Benécia, worth 1 fale; an elcarin coin worth a bit less [Barakhinei khinaluk, with the ending reinterpreted as an OV diminutive; from Elkarîl nkhinîluq]

hinát - geography, anthropology ['study of lands,' from KhUNOS 'land']

hip - prep below, under [KhUPE]
hip soan mettan under the table
hip altun under a tyrant
hip ëdičán under a spell

hipán - adv downward; downstairs

hipbrak - armpit ['under arm']

hipco - prep down
esan hipco soan uletoran be down the stairs
lädan hipco soa uletora go down the stairs

hipcont - viscount

hipcrivan - vt sign; approve (a law or form) ['under-write']

hipcrivel - signature; (official) approval

hipcuraye - skeptical; jaded, world-weary; distrustful of people, received wisdom, or of human reason itself ['subrational']

hipcurec - vt uphold, support; finance, fund ['under-hold']

hipdalom - consul ['under-ambassador']

hipdalomnáe - consulate

hiplädan - vt descend, climb down ['go down']

hiplädeca - descent

hiplimura - a dress exposing the breasts ['under breasts']

hipnaga - sole ['under foot']

hipom - underling

hiponto - homage ['show under']

hippoča - underground

hippoče - underground, beneath the surface ['under soil']

hipřanec - (colloq.) bather; (slang) lush, sot, drunkard ['soaker']

hipřaner - vi/vt soak; steep (e.g. tea); go wading, go bathing; (slang) get drunk ['keep under(water)']

hipsalďir - vt undergo, submit to, suffer, be subject to ['under-feel']
hipsalďir dabilát submit to undressing

hipsyele - earthly ['under-sky']

hiptošeo - deficit; (illness caused by) a lack of an element [KhUPETOSCEIO 'deficit']

Hírumor - largest of Ënomai's planets [KhIRUMOR]

hižena - row; (battle) front [KhIGENA]

Hloe - Eleďe name [OV Khloe]

hora - hour; act (of a play) [KhORA]

horora - timetable, schedule

horteleo - clock ['hour-instrument']

horže - barley [KhORGE]

host - bone; (slang) nerve, chutzpah [KhOSTOS]

hostora - skeleton [KhOSTORA]

hornáe - hotel [because time was charged by the hour]

hotonen - vi stay, be staying [KhONTONDEN 'take shelter', from KhONTOS 'shelter']
mifan hotonen put (someone) up
hotonen ne domán dalomei to stay at the ambassador's

hotu - guest [back-formation from hotonen]

hoyan - although

hozënát - trust, stewardship, duty

hozën - steward; host, head of a household; jefe; warden

hozësan - vt entrust; put in charge; put in the hands of
hozësan so hutor meďán zië put one's son in charge of the farm

hribret - permit, license (also spelled ribret) [KhRIBET 'permits'-- how the permits typically begin]

h-š - PM [hora šveze, hour of the afternoon]

h-u - AM [hora utrei, hour of the morning]

hüan - vi sigh [imitative]

huca - oracle (pl. husî) [KhUCUA 'god's lodging']

huepát - equality; mathematical formula

huepe - equal [reborrowing of KhUEPES]

huepen - vt equal; match

huepcot - balance; equal sign ['equal sides']

hum - passions; guts, cran; seat of passions, emotions and drive; intestines (part of quadripartite soul) [KhUMOS]
so hum falate the morale of the army

humarda - mania, rage, frenzy ['disorder of the passions']

hundoči - peninsula [KhUNODOTIS 'land-finger']

hundusil - caring only for material things; wordly, corrupt ['hum-driven']

hunnačal - spiritual discipline or observance; self-mastery

hunnačalan - vi observe spiritual disciplines; master oneself ['rule (over) passions']

huntenát - excitement, eagerness

huntene - excited, eager; nervous ['has passion']

hupa - halfling, dwarf [KhUPUA]

hupibu - the great tufted owl (cf. sasavi) ['tuft-owl']

hupo - tuft (of grass or hair) [unknown origin; poss. from hupa]

hurin - an elcarin gold coin, worth about 1.5 ořulî; a similar coin of Hroth and Barakhún [Barakhinei, from Elkarîl khurind 'that makes six']

husil - genuine, real [KhUCIL 'prophetic', from KhUCUA 'god's lodging']
E husilece žombrec It's downright frightening

husten - vi cough [KhUSTEN]

husti - cough

hutor - farm [KhUTOR]

hutoran - vt farm

hutorát - farming, agriculture; peasantry

hutorom - farmer

hutorsnugá - farmhand ['farm-servant']

huvec - dyer

huven - vt dye, tint [HUBREN 'immerse', lit. 'put under', from KhUPE 'under']

huvima - pill [medieval Caďinor KhUVIMA dim. of 'egg']

huvon - egg [KhUVONDOS, augmentative of KhUVOS 'egg']
huvon pisul omelette

huvoš - dye

hüy - sigh [imitative]

huyomyaso - chicken meat ['chicken-meat']

huyon - chicken (domesticated grain-fed bird) [KhUVILONDOS, augmentative of KhUVIL 'chicken', literally 'the eggy one'-- cf. huvon]

h-v - hour of the evening [hora vëčerei]

I I [To Index]

i - the 5th letter of the Verdurian alphabet, I, transliterated I [I]
i brevë the 6th letter of the Verdurian alphabet, Y, transliterated Y

Iain - Iáinos, God [IAINOS, from Cuêzi Iáinos]

Iason - Eleďe name [OV Iason]

ibu - owl (large nocturnal predatory bird) [HIBU]

Icadita - Cuzeian name [Îcaditē 'longed for child']

icë - present, here [AIKEDIE, northern dialect form, from AE- 'near' + KEDIE 'where']

icëlan - icëlan (small, primitive, wood-dwelling human-like race)

icëlana - icëlana, nymph

Iceleď - Cuzeian name [Îcēiledan 'desire God']

Icovo - Eleďe name [OV Iacovo]

idiko - peculiarity [reborrowing of IDIKO 'distinguishing feature']

idikós - special

iduräm - desirable, attractive
Řo lele so iduräm cečel I don't see the attraction there

iduran - vt desire [reborrowing of IDURAN; cf. zuran]

iduret - writ, court order [IDURET SUDROS 'The court desires', first words of many a court document]

idureo - desire

Iesu - Jesus; Joshua [OV Iesus]
Iesu Krist, Iesu Eleď Jesus Christ

iëžu - feather [IECTU]

if - whichever, -ever

ifcë - wherever (ifcëi ifcëm ifcën)

ifke - whoever (declined like ke)

ifkecot - person, verb form ['whichever form']

ifkiam - wherever, ever

ifkiel - however, in whatever way
ifkiel lelai so far as I can see, however I look at it

ifkio - whatever (declined like kio)

ifprokio - for whatever reason

igožë - slaughter

igožen - vt slaughter [IGOGEN, from Kaino igEgEn 'kill many men', cognate to KEKAN]

Ihana - Eleďe name [OV Ioanna]

Ihano - Eleďe name [OV Ioanno]

ihtüan - vi fish [IKhŤUIS 'fish']

ihtüec - fisherman

ikabe - stunted, runtish [intensive *ISKABES, from KABES 'runt']

il - it

ila - she [ILLA 'that']

ilacrio - lamentation

ilacrir - vi lament ['make to cry']
ilacrir eta lebi cry over the news

iladil - the large silver coin (worth about 3/4 fale) of Barakhún, Mútkün, and Hroth [Barakhainei ilôdil 'silvery',pronounced iládil in southern dialect.]

ilan - her (dat.)

ilat - her (acc.)

ilavren - vi stay, remain (something)

ilavri - stasis; stagnation

Ilávrinor - Limbo ['place of stasis']

ilë - ilian

ilëgárda - menstruation [ILIAGARDA 'moon disorder']

ilëgárden - vi menstruate

iler - it (acc.)

ilet - him (acc.)

ili - moon (OV name element) [ILIS 'shiny']

Iliacáš - Iliacáš, the lesser moon [ILIACOS + augmentive]

Iliažë - Iliažë, the greater moon; any moon [ILIAGILE, indirect form (due to taboo) of ILIAGES, name of a god and of this moon, from ILIS 'shiny' + GES 'god']

iliažyoš - month
caďinî iliažyošî Caďinorian calendar

iliu - iliu [ILIU, from Cuêzi]

ilon - it (dat.)

ilneo - prelate, bishop [Avélan dialect; from late Caďinor IRLEION 'overseer']

iloša - arch [ILOSCA]

ilošora - arcade

ilu - he [ILLU 'that']

ilun - him (dat.)

ilura - wrist [ILURA]

iluti - quartz [ILONTIS]

iluvan - vi shine [ILUBRAN, from ILIS 'shiny']
iluvan sur trava shine on the grass

iluve - shining, shiny

im - in, inside, into [IM]
im soan mažtanan in the city
im soa mažtana into the city
im zonán 3480 in the year 3480
im sramán in a state of shame
zet gaiec im launán have the shape of a circle

im- - (as pronominal prefix) just inside, on the inside of; as verbal prefix means 'in' or makes a verb transitive
imsur soan fakon just inside the top of the box

imagrenir - vt persuade, convince ['make to believe']

imalten - vi accede ['make high']
imalten ad gintron accede to the throne

imaltena - accession

imameto - investiture ['bringing in']
Imameto demeče Investitute of Spring (pagan festival)

imanen - vt unite (others), bring unity ['into one']
imanul united
zet imanen unite together

imanižen - vt cool, chill ['make cool']
zet imanižen cool down, get cold

imazipan - vt fatten ['make fat']
zet imazipan get fat

imbarucir - vt lay down, set down, put ['make to lie down']

imbasen - vt lower ['make low']

imbeman - vt teach ['(put) into the head']

imbemát - teaching

imbemec - teacher

imbežir - vt fix, repair ['make to move']

imbinea - register

imbineyen - vt list, register ['(put) into the list']
imbineyul registered; incorporated

imbogatir - vt enrich (someone) ['make rich']
zet imbogatir get rich

imbolëo - enlargement, expansion; commentary

imbolyen - vt enlarge, expand ['make big']
zet imbolyen expand, spread, get bigger

imbolyec - commentator

imborden - vt frame ['(put) within a frame']

imbraki - vt embrace ['in one's arms']

imbrakir - vt embrace
zet imbrakir embrace each other

imbresen - vt wrap; bandage ['into strips of cloth']

imbrugen - vt twist; disturb ['make twisty']
imbrugul disturbed, neurotic

imbruse - famished, ravenous; consuming

imbruřen - vt devour, consume ['into the belly']

imbünát - the violence inherent in the system

imbušan - vt savor ['in the mouth']
zet imbušan be savory or tasty

imbušäm - tasty, savory ['to be savored']

imčelan - vt arrange ['(put) into place']
zet imčelan arrange itself, sort itself out

imčelát - arrangement ['(be) in between']

imčisir - vt sharpen ['make sharp']

imčor - confluence

imčoran - vt flow into, join (of rivers etc.) ['flow into']

imčuzát - rip-off, scam

imčuzen - vt screw, rip off; get into trouble; tick off; emmerder ['(put or get) into shit']
zet imčuzen get ripped off, be screwed
Et vuleu imčuzen? You trying to screw with me?

imčužen - vt stiffen ['make stiff']
zet imčužen get stiff

imegren - embitter, sour ['make sour']

imëlen - vt inspire, arouse [yela, idea]

imelilan - vt invigorate [im + elil 'vigorous']

imelirec - vt indwell ['live in']
Aď imelirë the Holy Spirit

imepan - vt enable, allow one to do
So ëdič tan imepe sfahen dascoin The spell enables us to speak to animals

imesan - vt occupy (regular verb), reside ['be in']

imesát - occupation, residence

imfát - child [IMFANTOS, originally IMFANTUL '(newly) ensouled', from FANTOS 'soul']

imfatë - childhood

imfayir - vt logically require; entail ['in', used as an intensive, + 'be necessary']
zet imfayir to make oneself indispensible
Ci-uleta imfaye soa prošä This step logically demands the next
Imfayu so alyom I can't do without garlic
Soa reďréë zet imfayre dalun The minister made himself indispensible to the king

imgaran - vt talk sense into, set straight ['make sensible']
zet imgaran wise up, come to one's senses

Imiri - a messenger of Išira, and the name of a planet [Cuêzi Rimidête (= the planet)]

imivren - vt register ['(put) into a book']

iml - abbreviation for imbineyul, registered

imlebát - renovation, renewal

imleben - vt renew, renovate ['make new']
zet imleben renew itself, be renewed

imlëdan - vt straighten (something), arrange
zet imlëdan straighten (oneself)

imleleë - appearance

imlelel - publication; exhibition

imlelen - vi appear, vt publish, exhibit; make to appear ['make to see']

imlelul - exhibitor

imlëne - straight ['in line']

imletuen - precinct; grounds, lot ['within the walls']
imletuen imřemul consecrated lands; holy ground

imlicren - vt impoverish ['make poor']

imloën - vt rent out; what the lessor does ['make to rent']
imloëc landlord

immelioran - vt improve [constructed from Caď. MELIOR 'better']
zet immelioran improve oneself

immeliorát - improvement

immëria - encouragement

immërir - encourage; embolden, incite ['make fiery']

immetan - vt stick, insert ['put in']

immeyan - vt baptize; immerse ['(put) into the water']
zet immeyan be baptized

immeyo - baptism; immersion

immezinen - vt set in order, ready; clean up ['(put) into order']
zet immezinen get oneself ready or in order

immišen - vt pack ['into bags']
Ya immišnai I'm all packed

immočir - vt corrupt; tempt, lead into vice ['make rotten']
zet immočir become corrupted

immolec - pusher, dealer ['softener']

immolen - vt soften ['make soft']
zet immolen become soft

immorzen - vt freeze
zet immorzen become frozen

imnišan - vt annihilate ['make nothing']

imnižny - overwhelming

imnižnyen - vt overpower, overwhelm, force to submit ['make helpless']

imocan - vi start, begin ['make to become']
imocan noyer begin drowning

imoligec - vt group, gather ['(put) into a group']
imoligec soi suspilaveci cum soin duavecin group the suffering with the sinful
zet imoligec get together, group (themselves)

imora - digestion [im- + ora collection]

impažaken - vt map ['(put) into a map']

impisel - envelope, folder

impiser - vt envelope, encompass, involve ['fold in']

impiteo - absorption, incorporation

impitir - vt absorb, incorporate ['drink in']

implican - vt imagine, picture [reborrowing of IMPLICAN 'imitate inside']

implisel - image, picture; something imagined [IMPLICEL]

impočel - burial, planting

impočen - vt plant, bury ['into ground']

imprenan - vt concern, affect; embroil, involve [prenan 'take']
Řo eř imprene It's none of your business

imprenát - concern, interest

imprilát - accomplishment, fulfillment

imprilen - vt accomplish, fulfill, realize, achieve ['make real']

improsiřan - scandalize, outrage

impuyan - vt print ['press in']

impuyát - printing

impuyec - printer

impuyoš - press

imretan - vi extend ['into the distance']

imriasni - inner thigh

imräfë - n reformer; adj progressive, liberal (concerned with rights or justice)

imräfec - vt reform, revolution ['make just']
So řucor řo zet imräfte nikagdá The government will never reform

imräfát - reform

imröma - customs ['in-count']

imrömora - customs-house

imřeman - vt consecrate, sanctify
aďnáe imřemula Iširan a temple dedicated to Išira

imřisan - vt free ['make free']
zet imřisan free oneself

imscrifel - thaumaturge, magician; apprentice; initiate ['into knowledge']

imseltan - vt admit, confess, profess, reveal, realize ['(place) in the light']
zet imseltan (of things) be revealed, come out, be exposed

imsemizi - inner part of arm

imseoran - vt purify ['make clean']
zet imseoran purify oneself

imseorát - purification

imsfëzan - freshen, refresh ['make fresh']

imsisir - vt polish ['make slippery']

imsusan - vt dig, delve ['into ground']

imsuvan - vt affect, influence, change ['make to follow']

imšagir - vt empty, empty out; exhaust, deplete ['make empty']

imšešen - vt dry ['make dry']
zet imšešen dry, dry out, dry off

imšoruan - vt darken (remove light) ['make dark']
zet imšoruan get dark

imumbrir - vt steal (especially at night) [formation from imumbrom]

imumbrom - burglar ['man in the shadows']

imuran - vt obey ['in the clay'; i.e. prostrate oneself]

imurát - obedience

imutoran - vt tame [im- 'make' + hutor 'farm'; e.g. make suitable for the farm]

imuveren - vt put on, don ['into one's clothes']
imuveren pautam put on one's coat

imvalitan - vt knock down ['make to fall']

imyasnát - explanation

imyasnen - vt explain, make clear ['make clear']
zet imyasnen become clear

imzolát - fortitude

imzolan - vt strengthen ['make strong']
zet imzolan become stronger

imželea - reassurance, confidence

imželen - vt calm; reassure, confirm ['make calm']
zet imželen become calm; reassure oneself, put one's mind at ease
Řo vulu sul et imželen dy e oresta I just want to reassure myself that it's true

imživát - animation, promotion

imživen - animate, enliven; promote, campaign for ['make lively']

incapir - vt execute (laws, plans) ['make revered']

incapiye - execution

inceldan - vt import ['trade in']

inclaë - famous

inclaesa - fame

inclair - vt publicize, make famous; brighten ['(put) into brightness']
zet inclair become famous or well-known

incoren - hostage [im coren, in the court]

increšir - vt grow, make larger ['make grow']

incretir - vt gladden ['make glad']

increžec - parasitic ['in-eating']

increžoš - parasite

incruyan - vt wind, coil, wrap ['make tight']
zet incruyan wind or wrap itself

incudec - vt intrude; interfere with; push one's way into ['elbow in']

incudeca - intrusion

incučec - vt invade ['attack into']

incučeo - invasion

incurec - vt impress ['hold in']

ind - pepper [HINDOS]

indaluát - coronation ['make into a king']

indečia - constriction, tightening

indečir - vt constrict, tighten [INDETIR]

indësan - vt call into being, create ['make exist']

indobren - vt adjust, adapt ['make good']
zet indobren adjust or adapt oneself

indolir - vt dig ['make hollow']

induman - vt note, record, remark (to oneself) ['into a note']
induman soa celsfaha record the conversation

indunea - energizing, revitalization, replenishment; small meal

induneen - energize, revitalize, replenish ['make energetic']

induran - vt harden, strengthen ['make hard']
zet induran get harder

indurnen - vt worsen ['make bad']
zet indurnen get worse, fall off

inďayec - vt correct ['make right']
zet inďayec correct itself