Home

O Kit de Construção de Línguas (em português; traduzido por Gustavo Pereira)
Il Kit di Costruzione di Linguaggi (in italiano; tradotto per Daniele "MadMage" Calisi)
Der Sprachbaukasten (auf Deutsch; übersetzt von Carsten Becker)


 

The LCK is also available in a print edition, four times the length, published by Yonagu Books on Amazon.

 


This set of webpages (what's a set of webpages? a webchapter?) is intended for anyone who wants to create artificial languages— for a fantasy or an alien world, as a hobby, as an interlanguage. It presents linguistically sound methods for creating naturalistic languages— which can be reversed to create non-naturalistic languages. It suggests further reading for those who want to know more, and shortcuts for those who want to know less.
—Mark Rosenfelder

The above is a sample of an artificial language of my own, Verdurian. If you're curious, it reads, "Ďitelán mu cum pén veadhen er mësan so Sannam", meaning "Go forth in peace to love and serve the Lord." The accented dh sounds like the th in then; the vowels should be pronounced more or less as in Spanish.

How about a suite of webpages? Does that sound better?
Chico: OK, you're the Swede of Webpages, an' I'll be the Mexican of Usenet.


Before I could write this little inscription I had to:

You may have two reactions to this:

  1. "Cool! I want to do that!"
  2. "What a geek you must be. Get a life!"
The order of the steps above is significant. Working backwards (e.g. creating a text and then devising a grammar to match) will lead to an inconsistent if not incoherent work. A bad example is Hergé's Syldavian; since he basically made it up in pieces, as he needed it, it's impossible to create a consistent phonology or morphology for it, based on the scraps of the language provided in the Tintin books. (This didn't prevent me from coming up with my best attempt at a Syldavian grammar.)
The rest of the document is organized as an outline. Click on the topics you're interested in (or pick the first one and read sequentially).

If you're looking for a quick download, this scary outline reduces to just two files, this one and this one.
 

Models

Natural and unnatural languages

Non-Western (or at least non-English) models

Sounds

Types of consonants

Inventing consonants

Vowels

Stress

Tone

Phonological constraints

Alien mouths

Alphabets

Orthography

An example

Diacritics

Fancier writing systems

Word building

How many words do you need?

Alien or a priori languages

A few half-recognizable borrowings

Languages based on existing languages

Sound symbolism

Some guidelines for not reinventing the English vocabulary

Grammar

Is your language inflecting, agglutinating, or isolating?

Do you have nouns, verbs, and adjectives?

How do you indicate plural, case, and gender forms of adjectives and nouns?

Do nouns have gender?

Does the verb inflect by person, gender, and/or number?

What distinctions are made in the verb?

What are the personal pronouns?

What are the other pronouns?

What are the numbers?

What about adjectives?

Are there articles (a, the)?

What order do the various components of a noun phrase appear in?

What order do the various components of a sentence appear in?

How do you form a relative clause (the man who...)?

How do you form yes/no questions?

How about other questions?

How do you negate a sentence?

What about conjunctions?

Style

Politeness

Poetry

Language families

How do you do it?

Dialects


Where do I go from here?

I get plenty of mail saying roughly "OK, but how exactly do I do it?" I advise reading the Kit again, and working on the language as you go, section by section: i.e. create a phonology, establish phonological constraints, work on nouns, verbs, etc., ending with complex clauses. Don't be afraid to go back and revise. Don't look for shortcuts; if you don't enjoy the process of creating a language, this may not be the hobby for you.

There's a list of web resources here.

And for plenty more information, check out the print version!


The Language Construction Kit is © 1996 by Mark Rosenfelder.

Home